Bananapocalypse: Plantation Southeast Asia and Its Many Afterlives
Oct 6, 2024
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In this engaging discussion, Dr. Alyssa Paredes, an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, delves into the intricate dynamics of plantation agriculture in Southeast Asia. She examines the historical evolution of plantation capitalism in the Philippines and its ties to global supply chains, particularly in the banana industry. Paredes highlights labor exploitation, environmental degradation, and community resistance, advocating for genuine land reforms that prioritize sustainability. She also connects the Southeast Asian context to broader historical narratives, including ties with the Black Atlantic.
The podcast discusses the shift from vertical integration to vertical disintegration in the banana industry, raising concerns about corporate accountability and environmental sustainability.
It highlights the complex interplay between environmental degradation and social inequities in Southeast Asian plantation agriculture, necessitating collaborative approaches to land stewardship and justice.
Deep dives
Significance of Plantation Agriculture in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is a global center for plantation agriculture, accounting for significant shares of the world's rubber, palm oil, and coconut production. The region's extensive acreage dedicated to industrial agricultural practices reflects a complex history and ongoing issues of environmental degradation and social inequities. Established plantation industries in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines contrast with emerging plantations in Laos and Cambodia, highlighting regional disparities in agricultural development. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for examining the effects of industrial agriculture on local communities and ecosystems, as they navigate challenges related to indigenous rights and market economies.
Challenges of Supply Chain Capitalism
The research reveals a significant shift in how multinational corporations engage with global supply chains, particularly in the banana industry in the Philippines. Unlike previous models of vertical integration, which involved full ownership of production processes, recent strategies favor vertical disintegration, leading to the externalization of production costs to local farmers. This model of disconnection raises questions about corporate accountability and environmental sustainability, as the pressures of externalizing responsibilities can exacerbate social and ecological issues. The implications of this system challenge traditional narratives on supply chains, prompting a re-examination of how capitalism operates within agricultural contexts.
Interconnected Struggles for Land and Environment
The podcast explores the intertwined nature of environmental degradation and land rights struggles in Mindanao, revealing complex relationships between local communities and industrial agriculture. For instance, aerial spraying practices contribute to health issues while simultaneously prompting resistance from workers who view these practices as progress. Notably, the failure of a banana plantation led to tensions between land redistribution advocates and environmental activists, illustrating how efforts to protect one interest can inadvertently undermine another. This complexity indicates a need for collaborative approaches that acknowledge and address the competing demands of land stewardship and environmental justice.
Emerging Perspectives in Southeast Asian Studies
The conversation highlights a growing interest in multi-species ethnography, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human and non-human actors within agricultural systems. Scholars aim to broaden the discourse in Southeast Asian studies by integrating insights from Black studies, thus exploring historical connections between colonial practices and contemporary land issues. This interdisciplinary approach not only enriches the understanding of Southeast Asian socio-ecological landscapes but also encourages a dialogue on dehumanization and personhood in the context of agrarian reform. The potential for cross-regional connections suggests new avenues for research that engage with both historical and contemporary dynamics shaping the region.
This episode focuses on a cluster of issues of longstanding significance in Southeast Asia and in Southeast Asian Studies – plantation agriculture, global commodity chains or supply chains, exploitation of labour and environmental degradation, and resistance. To discuss these issues, we are joined by Dr. Alyssa Paredes, an environmental and economic anthropologist who is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan.
Dr. Paredes received her PhD in Anthropology (with distinction) from Yale University in 2020. Her work has been published in a variety of journals, including Antipode, Ethnos,Gastronomica, and the Journal of Political Ecology. She is a contributor to the edited volume Multispecies Justice and the Feral Atlas website, and she is co-editor of Halo-Halo Ecologies: The Emergent Environments Behind Filipino Food, forthcoming with the University of Hawai’i Press in April 2025. She is currently working on a book manuscript provisionally titled Bananapocalypse: Plantation Capitalism from Philippine Mindanao, which traces the afterlives of externalities in the making and unmaking of an industrial agricultural crop, drawing on approaches from such fields as anthropology, science and technology studies, human geography, and critical food studies.