Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice explore leap years and Earth's orbit, misconceptions about the dark side of the moon, and the physics of jumping in a moving airplane.
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Quick takeaways
The dark side of the moon is a misconception perpetuated by a popular Pink Floyd album, as both sides of the moon receive sunlight but dark areas exist in craters near the poles.
Jumping in an airplane while it's cruising at a constant speed will result in staying in sync with the plane's motion, but jumping during acceleration or deceleration will lead to a different motion relative to the plane.
Deep dives
Misconception About the Dark Side of the Moon
Contrary to popular belief, there is no dark side of the moon. The moon always shows the same face to Earth, and both sides receive sunlight. The dark areas on the moon are located in the craters near the poles, where sunlight doesn't reach. The recently landed Indian spacecraft strategically chose to land on the last day of darkness to have a two-week period of sunlight. The idea of a dark side of the moon likely came from a popular Pink Floyd album, which perpetuated the misconception.
Jumping in an Airplane
If you jump in an airplane while it's cruising at a constant speed, you will stay in sync with the plane's motion and land back where you started. The plane's speed doesn't affect your motion inside the aircraft. However, if you jump when the plane is accelerating or decelerating, you will experience a different motion relative to the plane. For example, if you jump during landing while the plane slows down, you will land farther forward than your initial position.
Physics Experiment on a Train
An experiment with a model train and a golf ball demonstrates the principle of relative motion. If a ball is launched straight up from the moving train, it will fall back into the same position due to its initial momentum matching the train's forward motion. Despite following a parabolic arc when observed from outside the train, the ball's motion seems vertical from the perspective of someone on the train. This concept applies to jumping in an airplane as well.
Jumping in an Elevator
Jumping in an elevator can demonstrate the effects of changing motion. If you jump just as the elevator stops while going up, you will experience an upward motion, leading to a higher fall when you come back down. On the other hand, if you jump just before the elevator stops while going down, you will feel a compression sensation due to the elevator being closer than anticipated. These experiences highlight the impact of changes in relative motion.
A year isn’t what you think it is… Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice explore things you thought you knew about the length of a year, the dark side of the moon, and the physics of a moving system.
Thanks to our Patrons Jeffery R. Kaufman, Peter West Popovchak, Nicholas Calmes, Matt Kline, Vadym Feskin, Steve Ipyana, and Foohawt for supporting us this week.
Photo Credit: NASA Johnson Space Center, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
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