The Spiritual Crisis of 17th Century Scots

In 17th century Scotland, individuals like Mistress Rutherford exemplified the spiritual turmoil faced by the population, as they grappled with temptations of the devil and their personal faith. Rising to power in a Calvinist context, there was a collective anxiety over salvation, where the constant reflection on one's thoughts was mandated. This high standard created a pervasive sense of guilt and fear regarding potential damnation, making it difficult to distinguish true piety from the devil's influence. Mistress Rutherford's struggles showcased this inner conflict, as she feared her thoughts might align with malevolence, embodying a broader spiritual malaise common throughout early modern Scotland.