The presentation aimed to cover the question of whether Muslims are allowed to reside in non-Muslim majority countries under the condition of religious freedom. It encompassed an analysis of the major textual evidence on this topic, regardless of whether they argue for permissibility or prohibition. The focus is to engage with the seemingly contradictory arguments considering their authenticity, historical context and meaning, in the hope of coming close to, or advancing, the understanding of the religious opinion on the matter. Shaykh Zaini argued that emigration was mandatory under certain historical circumstances experienced by early companions, then it became advisory following the conquest of Mecca and the establishment of the religion.
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