Amand Diangor, a Classics professor at Oxford, Dr. Stephanie Bernstra, Egyptology expert, and Dr. Charles Cosgrove, a scholar of early Christian literature, dive into the ancient world of hymnody. They discuss the discovery of the oldest Christian hymn in Oxyrhynchus, shedding light on bold expressions of faith amidst persecution. Their journey uncovers the intertwining of pagan and Christian musical traditions and reflects on the historical evolution of hymns, emphasizing their profound cultural and spiritual significance.
The discovery of the first Christian hymn highlights early church music's role in public expressions of faith despite persecution.
Utilizing popular musical styles of the time, this hymn reflects early Christians' innovative approach to engage wider audiences with their beliefs.
Deep dives
The Discovery of the First Christian Hymn
The first Christian hymn, dating back to the 200s AD, has been identified as the oldest known hymn with both lyrics and musical notation. This ancient piece was discovered in a rubbish dump in Oxyrhynchus, Egypt, by Oxford scholars Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt in 1897. Their expedition unearthed around half a million fragments of papyrus, which is considered the most significant literary find in ancient history, surpassing even the Dead Sea Scrolls. Among these fragments, Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1786 contained the hymn, which reveals early Christian musical practices and beliefs.
Public Christianity in the Early Church
The hymn demonstrates that Christians were actively engaging in public expressions of faith during a time when they faced persecution. Unlike later church music, this hymn utilized a popular musical style that would resonate with the Greek-speaking population of ancient Egypt. Its melodic structures reflected those used in taverns and theaters, suggesting an effort to draw in a wider audience. The lyrics indicate a strong theological statement about the Holy Trinity, positioning the Christian God as the only giver of all good gifts, and contrasting sharply with the surrounding pagan beliefs.
Musical Notation and Early Christian Song Culture
The existence of musical notation in the first hymn shows that ancient Christians adopted and adapted contemporary musical practices to convey their spiritual messages. This notation system, which emerged well before the 11th century, allowed for the recording of melodies and has parallels in various ancient genres, including Greek drama. The hymn was consistent with the vibrant musical culture of the time, where music played a crucial role in both public and private life. The scholars reveal that the early Christian community in Egypt utilized these musical elements to create a distinct yet culturally relevant form of worship.
The Enduring Legacy of Hymns in Christian Worship
Hymns have historically served as a vehicle for teaching and expressing Christian beliefs, marrying artistry with theology. The first hymn illustrates how early Christians combined aspects of Jewish tradition with contemporary musical styles to communicate truths about Jesus and the divine nature. This connection has persisted through centuries, as hymns continue to adapt to the cultural contexts of worship. The unification of believers across time and space happens through these songs, affirming the ongoing relevance of ancient hymns in the life of the church today.
In the 3rd century, in the Ancient Egyptian city of Oxyrhynchus, a group of Christians composed a song of praise set to the pagan music of the time.
Now, 1800 years later, John Dickson is working with two of the world's best songwriters to bring this lost song - this First Hymn - back to life.
Along the way, they make some incredible discoveries about early church music, shedding light on what the earliest Christians believed.
This is the first in a three-part podcast series on The First Hymn Project - taking its name from the forthcoming Undeceptions documentary, to be released at Easter, 2025.
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