Eugene W. Holland, "Perversions of the Market: Sadism, Masochism, and the Culture of Capitalism" (SUNY Press, 2024)
Feb 21, 2025
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Eugene W. Holland, Professor Emeritus of Comparative Studies at The Ohio State University, dives into the dark dynamics of capitalism in his latest work. He explores how capitalism cultivates sadistic and masochistic patterns as societal norms, transforming economic interactions. Holland discusses the paradox of pleasure and pain in consumerism and probes the psychological impacts of these relationships. He analyzes literature and film to highlight the damaging effects of capitalism, urging a shift to eliminate destructive social behaviors for a better future.
Capitalism institutionalizes sadistic and masochistic behaviors, shaping societal dynamics rather than merely reflecting individual psychological traits.
Deleuze and Guattari's schizoanalysis embeds psychoanalytic theories within capitalism, revealing how broader cultural influences shape production and consumption.
The historical contexts of sadism and masochism illustrate their evolution due to capitalist developments, reflecting deeper socio-economic relationships at play.
Deep dives
The Impact of Capitalism on Human Behavior
Capitalism influences behaviors of sadism and masochism not merely as individual psychological traits, but as institutional patterns ingrained in social structures. The first part of 'Perversions of the Market' highlights how the global nature of capitalism creates a distortion in markets, turning sadistic production dynamics and masochistic consumption practices into commonplace experiences. Through a historical lens, the speaker illustrates how the transition towards a capitalist society altered the fabric of human relationships, leading to behaviors that align with exploitation and submission. The discussion emphasizes the societal implications of these patterns, suggesting that they stem from capitalism's pervasive influence rather than mere personal predispositions.
Deleuze and Guattari's Influence
The work of Deleuze and Guattari is integral in framing the relationship between psychoanalysis and capitalism, particularly through the lens of schizoanalysis. Their concepts are used to analyze how production and consumption are shaped by broader cultural dynamics rather than merely familial structures. By embedding Freud's theories within an understanding of capitalist markets, they show how the psyche is influenced by socio-economic conditions. This framework allows for a deeper evaluation of sadistic and masochistic behaviors as reflections of the larger capitalist environment rather than as isolated psychological phenomena.
Literary Foundations of Sadism and Masochism
The origins of the terms sadism and masochism can be traced back to literary exploration, with Sade and Masoch each articulating these conditions in distinct socio-historical contexts. Sade's works confront the moral imperatives of his time, using his narratives to represent the objectification and exploitation inherent in capitalist structures. In contrast, Masoch's writings reflect the consumerism within a burgeoning capitalist society, depicting intimate interactions that encapsulate this masochistic dynamic. This differentiation not only sheds light on the historical evolution of these concepts but also frames them as responses to the specific economic and cultural developments of their respective eras.
Understanding Psychosocial Reactions in Capitalism
The text addresses the evolving nature of psychological responses to capitalism, particularly how borderlines and splitting manifest in modern society. This shift from traditional neurotic and perverse formations towards a more fragmented psyche outlines the profound impact that capitalistic pressures exert on personal identities. The speaker discusses how narcissism, fascism, and other supremacist ideologies emerge as responses to these borderline conditions, where individuals might resort to projecting their internal conflicts onto societal others. Such responses illustrate the complexities of navigating identity within a capitalist framework that constantly challenges the integrity of the self.
Capitalism as an Apparatus of Capture
Capitalism is conceptualized as an apparatus of capture, where the market dynamics are manipulated to serve the interests of capital rather than the collective good. This notion contrasts the ideal of a free market, revealing that true freedom is often compromised by regulatory structures that benefit capital accumulation. The speaker compares the flexibility of capital to react to legal constraints, emphasizing the constant adjustments made to maintain profit margins amid changing regulations. This discussion highlights the inherent contradictions within capitalism, where the structural advantages are pitted against the societal needs for fairness and sustainability.
The Role of Science and Technology in Capitalist Markets
The relationship between science, technology, and capitalism is discussed within the framework of axiomatic structures that prioritize profit over genuine scientific inquiry or social welfare. Science emerges as both a tool for validating capitalist pursuits and a potential avenue for creating more equitable practices if reoriented towards addressing societal issues. This duality highlights the pressing need for critical engagement with scientific developments, where the goal should be revitalizing problematic science to counteract the dominance of royal science that supports capitalist frameworks. Such a shift could provide pathways toward using technological advancements for the collective good, thereby reshaping the interactions in a post-capitalist society.
Perversions of the Market: Sadism, Masochism, and the Culture of Capitalism(SUNY Press, 2024) argues that capitalism fosters sadism and masochism--not as individual psychological proclivities but as widespread institutionalized patterns of behavior. The book is divided into two parts: one historical and the other theoretical. In the first, Eugene W. Holland shows how, as capital becomes global in scale and drives production and consumption farther and farther apart, it perverts otherwise free markets, transforming sadism and masochism into borderline conditions and various supremacisms. The second part then turns to Deleuze and Guattari's 'schizoanalysis,' explaining how it helpfully embeds Freud's analysis of the family and Lacan's analysis of language within an analysis of the capitalist market and its psycho-dynamics. Drawing on literature and film throughout to illuminate the discontents of modern culture, Holland maintains that the sadistic relations of production and masochistic relations of consumption must be eliminated to prevent capitalism from destroying life as we know it.
Nathan Smith is a PhD candidate in Music Theory at Yale University