In this engaging discussion, distinguished historian Margaret MacMillan, known for her insightful works on conflict, dives deep into the intricate relationship between war and societal progress. Alongside bestselling author Peter Frankopan, she explores why wars often lack clear objectives and the unexpected advancements they spur, such as women's suffrage and medical breakthroughs. The conversation highlights the complexities of national identity shaped by warfare and the evolving landscape of modern conflicts, making a compelling case for why understanding war is vital for humanity's future.
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insights INSIGHT
Complacency About War
Western societies have become complacent about war, viewing it as distant.
This complacency, similar to pre-1914 Europe, is dangerous.
insights INSIGHT
Parallels Between Pre-WWI and Today
The pre-1914 world had similar globalization, national rivalries, and anxieties as today.
These parallels offer a warning, though history doesn't repeat exactly.
insights INSIGHT
Underlying Causes of War
Wars may begin with trivial causes, but deeper issues always lie beneath.
Unresolved societal tensions and escalating rhetoric create a climate ripe for conflict.
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In 'Once Upon a Time in Iraq', Basil Balian shares stories from his childhood in Iraq during the 1940s and 1950s, a period marked by the monarchy. The book offers a nostalgic view of a bygone era, contrasting with the current state of Iraq as a major war zone in the Middle East. Balian's narrative mythologizes the monarchy as a time of relative peace and stability.
Women of the Raj
The Mothers, Wives, and Daughters of the British Empire in India
Margaret MacMillan
Margaret MacMillan's 'Women of the Raj' provides a fascinating portrait of the women who accompanied British men to India during the colonial era. The book delves into their experiences, challenges, and roles in supporting the British Empire. Drawing from personal letters and memoirs, MacMillan vividly portrays the lives of these women, from their struggles with the climate and diseases to their social and domestic lives.
The use and abuse of history
Friedrich Nietzsche
War
Bob Woodward
In this book, Bob Woodward provides an intimate and sweeping account of one of the most tumultuous periods in presidential politics and American history. The narrative centers on President Joe Biden’s approach to managing the war in Ukraine and the Middle East conflict between Israel and Hamas, as well as Donald Trump’s efforts to regain political power. Woodward reveals the complexity and consequences of wartime back-channel diplomacy and decision-making, highlighting efforts to deter the use of nuclear weapons and prevent a rapid slide into World War III.
The better angels of our nature
Why Violence Has Declined
Steven Pinker
In this book, Steven Pinker presents a detailed argument that violence has significantly decreased over the course of human history. He uses extensive data and statistical analysis to demonstrate this decline in various domains, including military conflict, homicide, genocide, torture, and the treatment of children, homosexuals, animals, and racial and ethnic minorities. Pinker identifies four key human motivations – empathy, self-control, the moral sense, and reason – as the 'better angels' that have oriented humans away from violence and towards cooperation and altruism. He also discusses historical forces such as the rise of the state (which he terms 'Leviathan'), the spread of commerce, the growth of feminist values, and the expansion of cosmopolitanism, which have contributed to this decline in violence[1][4][5].
The Goodness Paradox
Richard Wrangham
The peacemakers
the great powers and American independence
Morris, Richard Brandon
The great illusion
Angell, Norman Sir
In 'The Great Illusion,' Norman Angell argues that the economic costs of war are so high that no nation can hope to gain from it. He contends that modern economic systems, based on trade and contract law, make war futile because conquest does not lead to economic benefits. The book refutes the common belief that military power results in greater wealth and instead posits that advanced economies can only generate value in the absence of military conflicts. Angell also discusses the psychological and moral aspects of war, emphasizing that the nature of modern capitalism makes nationalist sentiment among capitalists irrelevant. Despite its publication just before World War I, which seemed to contradict his thesis, the book remains a significant work in the field of international relations and peace studies.
War - Do we care enough? In this episode, distinguished historian Margaret MacMillan explains why we should care about war and how it’s profoundly impacted our societies, political institutions, values, language and some of our greatest cultural treasures.
In conversation with bestselling author and historian Peter Frankopan, MacMillan examines questions such as why warriors are typically men, what role women play, why there are wars with no clear objective or ending, and how non-state actors influence outcomes. Drawing on the themes of MacMillan’s book, 'War: How Conflict Shaped Us', the two also discuss the benefits of war, including votes for women, penicillin, and (arguably) nuclear power. Listen now to discover how war has shaped our past and will continue to shape our future.
This event was recorded in November 2020 and produced by Senior Producer Conor Boyle with editing by Daisy Moll
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