#436 Endometriosis for the Internist with Dr. Cope & Dr. Green
Apr 22, 2024
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Drs. Cope and Green from Mayo Clinic discuss endometriosis, touching on symptoms, imaging, hormonal treatments, surgical options, and pain management. They emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and patient-centered care in managing this complex condition.
Endometriosis symptoms include dysmenorrhea, pain with intercourse, and fatigue; diagnosis involves ruling out other causes and may require referral for pelvic MRI.
First-line treatment for endometriosis includes hormonal suppression with contraceptives and NSAIDs; monitoring treatment involves patient-centered goals and education on hormonal therapies.
Surgical interventions like excision may be necessary for advanced endometriosis cases; collaboration with specialists for pain management can enhance patient outcomes.
Deep dives
Definition and Symptoms of Endometriosis
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrium outside the uterus, causing symptoms like dysmenorrhea, pain with intercourse, painful bowel movements, bloating, urinary symptoms, and fatigue. Some patients may have overlapping pain conditions like IBS or myofascial pain.
Diagnosis and Imaging of Endometriosis
Diagnosing endometriosis involves suspected diagnosis based on clinical features, ruling out other causes. Imaging like pelvic ultrasound is common, but a pelvic MRI may be needed for better visualization. A normal ultrasound does not rule out endo, and a referral to a gynecologic surgeon may be warranted if symptoms persist.
Treatment Approach for Endometriosis
First-line treatment includes hormonal suppression with estrogen-progestin contraceptives, NSAIDs, and pelvic physical therapy. Monitoring treatment effectiveness involves patient-centered goals like pain improvement and functional outcomes. Patients should be educated on the various hormonal therapies available and complementary alternative therapies can also be considered.
Referral Considerations for Endometriosis
Referral to specialists should be considered if initial hormonal therapy does not sufficiently alleviate symptoms or if there is ongoing interference with daily activities like work. Specialists can offer further diagnostic assessments, treatment options, and expertise in managing endometriosis cases that may require more advanced interventions.
Recognizing Endometriosis and Diagnostic Challenges
Recognizing the presence of endometriosis is crucial for providing appropriate care to patients. Negative imaging or lack of response to hormonal treatments does not rule out the presence of endometriosis. Giving patients the space to express their pain experiences and validating their symptoms is essential for building a therapeutic relationship and ensuring they feel heard and understood.
Treatment Options and Importance of Multidisciplinary Care
Treatment for endometriosis may involve surgical interventions like excision, especially for more advanced cases like endometriomas and deep endometriosis. Post-surgery, hormonal suppression can help reduce recurrence of symptoms and improve outcomes. While opioids are not recommended as a first-line treatment, they may be considered for managing flares. Collaborating with specialists like pain psychologists and physical therapists can enhance the overall management of endometriosis patients.
Energize your education on endometriosis! Learn common clinical presentations, optimal diagnostic imaging tests, and how to counsel patient on treatment options. We are joined by Dr. Adela Cope (Mayo Clinic) and Dr. Isabel Green @isabelgreenMD (Mayo Clinic).
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