What's Keeping Nuclear Energy From Playing a Larger Role in Decarbonization? (w/ Dr. Matt Bowen)
Feb 21, 2024
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Dr. Matt Bowen discusses the challenges and potential of nuclear energy in decarbonizing the global economy. The podcast explores the financial investment needed for nuclear capacity to double by 2050, as well as international trends in nuclear energy export and advancements in nuclear technology. Additionally, it delves into the comparison between renewable energy cost declines and nuclear technology innovations, and the obstacles in managing spent fuel in the US.
Investments in new nuclear energy are necessary to meet decarbonization goals by 2050.
Challenges like cost uncertainties and project delays hinder the growth of nuclear energy.
Deep dives
Role of Nuclear Energy in Global Decarbonization
Nuclear energy is expected to play a significant role in global decarbonization efforts, with projections indicating a doubling of nuclear capacity by 2050 according to leading studies such as the IPCC and IEA. While countries like the United States have varying analyses on nuclear power's growth potential, uncertainties surrounding reactor costs and timelines remain key factors influencing its future role in the energy landscape.
Challenges with Forecasting Nuclear Reactor Costs
Forecasting the cost of new nuclear facilities poses challenges due to limited recent data points and the diversity of reactor designs under development. Project timeline and budget overruns have historically plagued nuclear construction projects, with factors like design maturity, supply chain issues, and regulatory processes contributing to cost uncertainties.
Impact of Cost and Timeline Overruns on Nuclear Industry
Cost and timeline overruns pose significant challenges to the nuclear energy industry, jeopardizing the successful completion of projects and deterring future investments. Instances like the Vogtle project's substantial budget and schedule deviations underscore the need for improved project management and regulatory frameworks to mitigate such risks.
Role of Advanced Reactor Technologies in Nuclear Energy
Advanced reactor technologies, including small modular reactors and high-temperature gas reactors, hold promise for enhancing nuclear energy's viability by offering improved safety features, modular construction options, and potential applications beyond electricity generation. Innovations in reactor designs aim to address reliability, cost competitiveness, and operational flexibility required for a decarbonized energy transition.
The International Energy Agency, among other prominent modelers of our energy future, projects that nuclear energy's current global capacity must double by 2050 in order for the world to hit its decarbonization goals. The annual investments needed to reach this doubling far exceed anything that's being invested today in new nuclear facilities. Just one new nuclear reactor has been successfully built in the United States in the last 30 years, and the United States hasn't financed new reactors in other countries for decades.
If the United States is truly committed to reducing emissions, why aren't we seeing more investment in nuclear energy, a base fuel that could replace coal and natural gas? How do other countries compare to the United States when it comes to investments in new nuclear energy, the costs and project timelines of new nuclear construction, and the regulations and incentives? Dr. Matt Bowen from the Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University SIPA joins the podcast today to answer these questions and to provide a detailed look at the current nuclear energy landscape around the world.
As always, follow us @climatepod on Twitter and email us at theclimatepod@gmail.com. Our music is "Gotta Get Up" by The Passion Hifi, check out his music at thepassionhifi.com. Rate, review and subscribe to this podcast on iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, and more! Subscribe to our YouTube channel! Join our Facebook group.
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