The podcast dives into a bold 1970s proposal for a 'Stonewall Nation' in California, exploring the radical visions of gay liberation juxtaposed with mainstream urban life. It examines the struggles for safe queer spaces in repressive climates and the ambitious Alpine Valley project, revealing ideological rifts and racial challenges. The discussion critiques the allure of starting anew on 'virgin land,' unpacking the complex realities of building inclusive communities. Throughout, it reflects on the humorous yet poignant journey of seeking a powerful gay identity.
The failed attempt to create the Stonewall Nation underscores the limitations of essentialist gay politics and the need for intersectional approaches.
Carl Whitman's critique of self-segregated communities reveals the dangers of isolation and exploitation within self-identified gay spaces.
Deep dives
The Vision of Stonewall Nation
In the 1970s, a group of activists envisioned creating a gay territory, dubbed the Stonewall Nation, in Alpine County, California, believing they could establish a political majority by moving into this sparsely populated area. The idea stemmed from dissatisfaction with urban gay life and commercial institutions that catered to gay men, prompting activists to seek a more liberated space. This vision resonated with some activists who dreamed of a place free from job discrimination and police harassment, with its own government and cultural institutions. Although this notion became a media sensation, it highlighted a deeper ideological conflict within the radical gay liberation movements of the era, as many believed that simply establishing a gay space was not enough to ensure true liberation.
Dissatisfaction and the Gay Ghetto
Carl Whitman’s advocacy for recognizing the limitations of the gay ghetto emphasized the challenges faced by homosexuals within self-segregated communities. He argued that over time, these ghettos breed self-hatred and stagnation, as gay individuals often faced exploitation from landlords and businesses while being subjected to police oversight. Whitman's manifesto not only called for a reevaluation of the gay experience but also proposed an intersectional approach that aligned with other marginalized movements, including anti-racism and feminism. His critique served as a precursor to the discussions around Stonewall Nation, revealing the complexities of gay identity and activism during this tumultuous period.
The Media Frenzy and Activist Responses
The Stonewall Nation project garnered significant media attention when activists orchestrated a press conference to promote the initiative in October 1970, claiming an impressive number of potential residents. This calculated publicity stunt unexpectedly led to a wave of enthusiasm and support from the gay community, with many individuals eager to partake in this radical experiment. However, as media coverage snowballed, so did scrutiny from within the gay liberation movement, particularly as other activists raised concerns about the project’s oversight of racial and gender inclusivity. Ultimately, this media frenzy highlighted the ideological divisions within the movement between those seeking to reimagine gay identity and those advocating for a more collective and intersectional approach.
Contradictions and Resisting Assumptions
As the Alpine Valley project gained traction, it faced backlash for its inherent racism and sexism, as members of the Gay Liberation Front recognized that simply relocating to Alpine County would replicate the issues of the gay ghetto rather than resolve them. Leadership within the project made problematic comparisons to indigenous peoples, claiming a form of settler identity without considering the implications of their actions on existing communities. This tension raised significant questions about colonialist dynamics within LGBTQ+ politics, and the challenge of creating genuine alliances with marginalized groups. The eventual collapse of the project prompted a reflection on how gay nationalism intersects with broader societal movements and highlighted the importance of addressing systemic inequalities in any pursuit of liberation.
What happens when a political analysis that comes out of the politics of alliance ends up departing from alliance: in other words, when people think that making something “gay” is enough. The kinds of people that get forgotten and spoken over when a certain kind of essentialist gay politics are deployed. And even though this crackpot plan never came to pass, today's show, about the failed attempt to establish a gay nation in rural California, reveals some of the flaws at the heart of ‘70s radical gay politics.
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SOURCES:
Bérubé, Allan. My Desire for History: Essays in Gay, Community, and Labor History. Edited by John D’Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
Carter, Jacob D. “Gay Outlaws: The Alpine County Project Reconsidered.” Masters’ Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Boston, 2015. https://scholarworks.umb.edu/masters_theses/307/.
Hobson, Emily K. Lavender and Red: Liberation and Solidarity in the Gay and Lesbian Left. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2016.