95. A Bump in the Road - An Approach to the Thyroid Nodule
Jul 4, 2021
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Dr. Sara Awad and Dr. Laura Marcotte discuss the approach to thyroid nodules in this episode. Topics include types of nodules, diagnostic methods, risk assessment, and management strategies. They highlight the importance of tailored care plans and collaboration with endocrinologists for optimal patient outcomes. The chapter on medullary thyroid cancer screening emphasizes the use of prococitonin as a reliable marker for early detection.
Differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules based on history, physical exam, and lab tests.
Tailor investigation and management of thyroid nodules according to risk factors and nodule characteristics.
Deep dives
Thyroid Nodules Primer
Thyroid nodules are found in 5% of healthy adults and are more common in women. Imaging studies reveal incidental nodules in 50% of adults. While 85-90% of thyroid nodules are benign, 10-15% can be malignant. Identifying whether a nodule poses a cancer risk or is benign is crucial.
Assessing Thyroid Nodules
When approaching a patient with a thyroid nodule, assess for airway obstruction signs and thyroid dysfunction. High-risk factors for thyroid cancer include radiation exposure, family history of thyroid cancer, or certain genetic syndromes. Physical exams and specific questions help differentiate functioning and non-functioning nodules, guiding further investigation.
Management and Prognosis
Investigating thyroid nodules involves TSH levels, ultrasounds, and fine needle aspirations. Treatment varies based on nodule type, with urgent surgical referral for obstructive symptoms. Benign nodules require monitoring, while suspicious nodules may need further biopsies or surgical consultation. Thyroid cancer prognosis is generally favorable, with early detection and proper management being key.
What is your approach to an incidental thyroid nodule? This episode takes us through the work up of this common internal medicine issue including key findings on history and physical exam, essential lab values and an approach to work up and management. This episode was written by Samantha Bruzzese and reviewed by Dr. Sara Awad (Endocrinologist) and Dr. Laura Marcotte (General Internal Medicine). Produced by Nathan Duopnik (medical student). Infographic by Rachel Ahle (Physicians assistant)