The Mysteries of Masculinity - John Tosh | Maiden Mother Matriarch Episode 118
Jan 1, 2025
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Join John Tosh, a prominent historian specializing in masculinity, as he delves into the intricate world of 19th-century male roles influenced by the Industrial Revolution. He explores how domesticity redefined masculinity and the evolution of companionate marriage, balancing patriarchy with mutual care. Tosh also discusses shifting attitudes toward domestic violence and the impact of social class on perceptions of abuse. Lastly, he examines the role of fatherhood in contemporary society versus historical expectations.
The Industrial Revolution transformed masculinity by shifting the home from an economic hub to a sanctuary for middle-class families.
While many Victorian men engaged in domesticity, contradictions emerged as they often resisted the ideology of domestic roles.
Deep dives
Historic Views of Masculinity and Domesticity
The relationship between masculinity and domesticity is explored in the context of 19th century Britain, where domesticity became central to masculine identity during this period. This era witnessed the emergence of the concept of the 'angel of the house' and the idea of separate spheres for men and women, leading to a distinct ideology where domestic spaces were idealized as comforting sanctuaries away from the harsh realities of urban industrial life. The discussion highlights the contradictions in Victorian values, emphasizing that while many men participated in domestic life, they often resisted the ideology of domesticity itself. Ultimately, this understanding reflects a significant shift in how masculinity was perceived, revealing underlying tensions regarding gender roles and the expectations placed on men.
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Gender Roles
The Industrial Revolution radically altered traditional gender roles, reshaping the home from a site of economic activity to a space of refuge for middle-class families. As urbanization progressed, many men sought to distance themselves from the chaotic and polluted environments of industrial cities, prompting middle-class families to move to quieter suburbs, creating a sanctuary that defined their social standing. This shift fostered the rise of what is termed 'masculine domesticity,' where men began to take pride in their roles as providers and protectors of the home. However, it is important to note that this trend was not universal; working-class families often remained economically interconnected with their domestic spaces, complicating the narrative of the domestic ideal.
Holiday Rituals and Changing Domestic Ideals
The evolution of domesticity is further illustrated through changing attitudes towards celebrations like Christmas, which transformed from public communal events into intimate family rituals during the Victorian period. The podcast discusses how middle-class Victorian families established rituals around family meal times and the return of the breadwinner, reinforcing the significance of family life and togetherness. This period marked the rise of domesticity as a source of moral comfort, where the roles within the household became increasingly formalized and ritualized. This shift not only highlights the importance of domestic spaces but also signals a growing desire for stability in a rapidly changing world.
Rebellions Against the Cult of Domesticity
The podcast examines the emergence of male figures who challenged the prevailing cult of domesticity in the late 19th century, often reacting against the perceived constraints of a feminized domestic culture. This rebellion manifested in various ways, including critiques of societal expectations surrounding family life and the adoption of alternative lifestyles. The tension between ideals of masculine domesticity and desires for freedom and adventure often led men to seek camaraderie outside the home in all-male clubs and public schools. Such dynamics underscore a fundamental conflict in the lives of men during this period, as they navigated societal expectations while striving for authenticity and personal fulfillment outside conventional domestic roles.
My guest today is John Tosh, Professor Emeritus of History at Roehampton University and the author of many books, including 'A Man's Place: Masculinity and the Middle-Class Home in Victorian England' and 'Masculinities in Politics and War: gendering modern history.' We spoke about the effect that the industrial revolution had on British masculinity, in …
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