148. Nietzsche, Dostoevsky, Kierkegaard (Existentialism)

Fyodor Dostoevsky's "Notes from Underground" is a novella that delves into the mind of an unnamed narrator, a bitter and alienated individual who rails against reason and societal norms. The work is considered a precursor to existentialist literature, exploring themes of isolation, nihilism, and the human condition. Dostoevsky's masterful use of first-person narration allows readers to experience the narrator's turbulent thoughts and emotions. The novella's exploration of free will and the complexities of human psychology continues to resonate with readers today. Its influence on literature and philosophy is undeniable, shaping the works of later writers and thinkers.

In 'Beyond Good and Evil', Nietzsche challenges the traditional morality and philosophical thought of his time. He argues that the Christian world is steeped in a 'slave morality' that demonizes strength and domination, and instead proposes a philosophy that celebrates the present and the individual's 'will to power'. The book is known for its aphoristic style and its critique of past philosophers for their dogmatic premises. Nietzsche advocates for a new kind of philosopher who values imagination, self-assertion, and the creation of values, and he introduces the concept of 'perspective of life' which denies a universal morality for all human beings.

Published in 1866, 'Crime and Punishment' is a psychological novel set in St. Petersburg, Russia. It revolves around Rodion Raskolnikov, an impoverished and intellectually gifted former student who formulates a theory that some individuals are morally justified in committing crimes for the greater good of society. Raskolnikov puts this theory to the test by murdering an old pawnbroker and her half-sister, leading to a profound exploration of his psychological and emotional struggles with guilt, paranoia, and the consequences of his actions. The novel delves into socio-economic disparities, moral dilemmas, and the psychology of criminals, making it a classic of Russian literature and existential thought[2][4][5].

The Devils, also known as Demons, is a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky that adapts the idea of a revolutionary group from the real-life Nechayev case of 1869. The story revolves around a radical group aiming to overthrow the government and undermine the Russian church. The novel delves into themes of God, violence, suicide, and the dogmatic ideologies that lead to tragic consequences. It is set in a provincial Russian town and involves characters like Stepan Trofimovich Verkhovensky, Nikolai Vsevolodovich Stavrogin, and Pyotr Verkhovensky, each embroiled in a complex web of intrigue, moral crisis, and ultimate tragedy[2][4][5].

First published in 1936, 'How to Win Friends and Influence People' by Dale Carnegie is a timeless guide to improving interpersonal skills. The book is divided into four main sections: Six Ways to Make People Like You, Twelve Ways to Win People to Your Way of Thinking, and Nine Ways to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment. Carnegie's principles emphasize the importance of genuine interest in others, active listening, and avoiding criticism and argument. The book offers practical advice on how to build strong relationships, communicate effectively, and influence others by aligning their self-interest with yours. It has been a cornerstone of personal development and business success for generations[2][3][5].

Friedrich Nietzsche's "The Antichrist" is a highly critical assessment of Christianity and its influence on Western culture. Nietzsche attacks Christian morality and its values, arguing that they are life-denying and have stifled human potential. He advocates for a revaluation of all values and a rejection of traditional religious beliefs. The book is known for its provocative and often inflammatory language. It's a significant work in understanding Nietzsche's critique of religion and his vision for a new morality. It remains a controversial but influential text.

This book, written by former FBI hostage negotiator Chris Voss and co-author Tahl Raz, provides a masterclass in influencing others through negotiation. It distills the Voss method, revealing skills such as establishing rapport, creating trust with tactical empathy, and transforming conflict into collaboration. The book is filled with real-life examples from Voss's career, illustrating how these techniques can be applied in both professional and personal life to achieve goals and defuse potential crises.

In 'The Denial of Death', Ernest Becker discusses the psychological and philosophical implications of how people and cultures react to the concept of death. He argues that human civilization is a defense mechanism against the knowledge of our mortality, and that this denial is a necessary component of functioning in the world. Becker's work challenges traditional Freudian thought by positing that the primary repression is not sexuality, but rather the awareness of death. He also explores how this fear of death leads to the creation of 'hero systems' and symbols that help individuals transcend their mortality, and how this can result in violence and conflict when different immortality projects clash[2][5][4].

In this sequel to '12 Rules for Life', Jordan B. Peterson presents twelve additional rules to guide readers through the complexities of modern life. The book emphasizes the need to balance chaos and order, warning against the dangers of too much security and the tendency towards tyranny. Peterson draws on psychology, philosophy, theology, and mythology to provide strategies for finding meaning and purpose, even in times of powerlessness. Written during a period of personal and global turmoil, including health issues and the COVID-19 pandemic, the book offers a rich and deep exploration of how to navigate life's challenges[2][3][5].