RAG, LLMs & the Hidden Costs of AI: What Companies Must Fix Before It’s Too Late

Most companies have no idea how risky and expensive their AI systems truly are until a single mistake turns into millions in unexpected costs.

In this episode of An Hour of Innovation podcast, host Vit Lyoshin explores the truth about AI safety, enterprise-scale LLMs, and the unseen risks that organizations must fix before it’s too late.

Vit is joined by Dorian Selz, co-founder and CEO of Squirro, an enterprise AI company trusted by global banks, central banks, and highly regulated industries. His experience gives him a rare inside look at the operational, financial, and security challenges that most companies overlook.

They dive into the hidden costs of AI, why RAG has become essential for accuracy and cost-efficiency, and how a single architectural mistake can lead to a $4 million monthly LLM bill. They discuss why enterprises underestimate AI risk, how guardrails and observability protect data, and why regulated environments demand extreme trust and auditability. Dorian explains the gap between perceived vs. actual AI safety, how insurance companies will shape future AI governance, and why vibe coding creates dangerous long-term technical debt. Whether you’re deploying AI in an enterprise or building products on top of LLMs.

Dorian Selz is a veteran entrepreneur, known for building secure, compliant, and enterprise-grade AI systems used in finance, healthcare, and other regulated sectors. He specializes in AI safety, RAG architecture, knowledge retrieval, and auditability at scale, capabilities that are increasingly critical as AI enters mission-critical operations. His work sits at the intersection of innovation and regulation, making him one of the most important voices in enterprise AI today.

Takeaways

* Most enterprises dramatically overestimate their AI security readiness.

* A single architectural mistake with LLMs can create a $4M-per-month operational cost.

* RAG is essential because enterprises only need to expose relevant snippets, not entire documents, to an LLM.

* Trust in regulated industries takes years to build and can be lost instantly.

* Real AI safety requires end-to-end observability, not just disclaimers or “verify before use” warnings.

* Insurance companies will soon force AI safety by refusing coverage without documented guardrails.

* AI liability remains unresolved: Should the model provider, the user, or the enterprise be responsible?

* Vibe coding creates massive future technical debt because AI-generated code is often unreadable or unmaintainable.

Timestamps

00:00 Introduction to Enterprise AI Risks

02:23 Why AI Needs Guardrails for Safety

05:26 AI Challenges in Regulated Industries

11:57 AI Safety: Perception vs. Real Security

15:29 Risk Management & Insurance in AI

21:35 AI Liability: Who’s Actually Responsible?

25:08 Should AI Have Its Own Regulatory Agency?

32:44 How RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) Works

40:02 Future Security Threats in AI Systems

42:32 The Hidden Dangers of Vibe Coding

48:34 Startup Strategy for Regulated AI Markets

50:38 Innovation Q&A Questions

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Connect with Dorian

* Website: https://squirro.com/

* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dselz/

* X: https://x.com/dselz

Connect with Vit

* Substuck: https://substack.com/@vitlyoshin

* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vit-lyoshin/

* X: https://x.com/vitlyoshin

* Website: https://vitlyoshin.com/contact/

* Podcast: https://www.anhourofinnovation.com/