Joseph Smith's alleged plagiarism in his Bible translation project is examined, specifically the accusation of borrowing from Adam Clarke's Bible commentary without attribution. The controversy is traced back to research by Thomas Wayment and Hailey Wilson-Lemmon. Expert Kent Jackson provides a critique and refutation of their claims. The podcast explores the impact of the Joseph Smith Translation on theology, temple liturgy, and church identity. Joseph Smith's approach to the Bible and his engagement with scholarship are discussed. The controversy surrounding the alleged plagiarism is analyzed, with evidence and explanations provided. The importance of good scholarship and critical thinking is emphasized.
The controversy surrounding Joseph Smith's Bible translation project and the alleged plagiarism of Adam Clarke's work sparked heated debates and accusations.
Tom Wayman argues for a more nuanced understanding of prophetic translation, recognizing the use of sources and urging caution against the assumption of plagiarism.
The Adam Clark controversy serves as a cautionary tale, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and rigorous examination of scholarly claims to avoid distorted or exaggerated assertions.
Deep dives
The Adam Clark Controversy
The biggest controversy surrounding Joseph Smith's Bible translation project is the Adam Clark controversy. This controversy emerged when two scholars, Tom Wayman and Haley Wilson-Lemmon, published research suggesting that Joseph Smith may have been influenced by a British scholar named Adam Clark in his translation of the Bible. Initially, this finding was met with interest and curiosity, but later it sparked accusations of plagiarism against Joseph Smith. However, another eminent scholar, Kent Jackson, extensively reviewed the proposed connections between Adam Clark and the Joseph Smith Translation (JST) and concluded that there is no evidence to support the claim of plagiarism. Jackson dismantled the proposed parallels between Clark's commentary and the JST, showing them to be vague, superficial, and coincidental at best. The controversy escalated further when Wilson-Lemmon left the Church and began appearing on anti-Mormon podcasts, falsely claiming that Joseph Smith plagiarized from Clark. Both Wayman and Jackson argue against the accusation of plagiarism, emphasizing that even if Joseph consulted Clark's commentary, it does not invalidate his role as a prophet or the inspiration behind the JST. They encourage a reevaluation of assumptions about prophetic translation and the incorporation of scholarly sources, cautioning against hasty and unfounded conclusions.
The Shift in Paradigm
Tom Wayman, one of the scholars involved in the Adam Clark controversy, suggests a shift in understanding how prophetic translation works. He acknowledges the use of sources and recognizes that biblical authors often drew from other texts without providing direct attribution. Wayman argues that Joseph Smith's use of Adam Clark, even if it did occur to some extent, should not be seen as plagiarism. He urges caution against anachronistic descriptions of Joseph Smith's translation process and encourages a more open-minded approach to scholarship and the influence of external sources. Wayman's viewpoint challenges the dichotomy between complete originality and simple derivation from cultural inheritance, suggesting a more nuanced understanding of prophetic speech and translation.
Lessons Learned
The Adam Clark controversy highlights the importance of critical thinking and careful examination of scholarly claims. Initially, the research findings were presented as a potential influence on Joseph Smith's Bible translation, without accusations of plagiarism. However, the controversy quickly escalated and distorted into claims of plagiarism and fraud. Scholar Kent Jackson's thorough analysis debunked the proposed connections between Clark's commentary and the JST, revealing them to be weak and unsupported. This cautionary tale reminds us to approach new ideas and controversial claims with skepticism, to allow time for thorough examination and testing of hypotheses, and to avoid jumping to hasty conclusions based on distorted or exaggerated assertions.
The Adam Clark Theory: A Thin Connection
The podcast episode discusses the Adam Clark theory, which suggests that Joseph Smith drew from the commentary of Adam Clark while working on the Joseph Smith Translation (JST) of the Bible. However, the theory lacks strong evidence to support its claims. Scholar Ken Jackson thoroughly examined the examples provided by proponents of the theory and found no convincing correlation between Clark's words and the JST. The changes cited as possibly influenced by Clark are a very small fraction of the total JST revisions, estimated to be less than 5%. Therefore, the podcast argues that the controversy surrounding the Adam Clark theory is largely overblown and does not threaten the integrity of the Joseph Smith Translation.
The Importance of Rigorous Scholarship
The podcast highlights the importance of rigorous scholarship in examining controversial claims. Ken Jackson's thorough analysis of the Adam Clark theory is praised for its responsible academic methodology. He challenges assumptions and questions conclusions by comparing original sources, including the manuscripts of the JST and various versions of Clark's commentary. Jackson's approach serves as an example of faithful scholarship, where evidence is critically evaluated without preconceived conclusions. The podcast concludes that responsible scholarship, rooted in a comprehensive review of evidence, is essential to avoid erroneous and damaging claims that can undermine faith.
In his Bible translation project did Joseph Smith plagiarize the work of a prominent British scholar named Adam Clarke? Or, if you don’t want to call it plagiarism, did Joseph Smith “borrow” or appropriate phrases and ideas from Adam Clarke’s Bible commentary (without attribution) which are found in our JST footnotes today? This is the question at the heart of the biggest modern controversy surrounding Joseph Smith’s Bible Translation.
In this episode of Church History Matters, we trace the origins of this controversy back to a series of interviews and articles by BYU Professor Thomas Wayment and his research assistant Hailey Wilson-Lemmon beginning in 2017 and culminating in a book chapter published in 2020. And as we are inclined to do with all things related to Joseph Smith’s Bible translation, we’ll look to expert Kent Jackson for his take on the claims of Wayment and Wilson-Lemmon in an article he published as a critique and refutation of their research.