How Billionaires Created a Culture War to Sell School Vouchers w/ Josh Cowen
Sep 2, 2024
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Josh Cowen, a professor of education policy at Michigan State University, dives into the controversial realm of school vouchers. The discussion traces the origins of the voucher movement back to Milton Friedman and its connections to landmark rulings like Brown v. Board of Education. Cowen critiques recent voucher programs, revealing their detrimental effects on academic results. He also examines how ideological shifts, particularly during the Trump era, utilized cultural narratives over evidence, linking vouchers to broader themes of Christian nationalism and parental rights.
The voucher movement, rooted in Milton Friedman's economic theories, emerged as a tool for circumventing integration laws post-Brown v. Board of Education.
Billionaires and conservative organizations have shifted education policy from evidence-based outcomes to ideological narratives intertwined with cultural conflicts under the Trump administration.
Deep dives
Origins of the Voucher Movement
The voucher movement, linked to the economic theories of Milton Friedman, arose concurrently with significant judicial changes in education, particularly during the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, which mandated racial integration in schools. Friedman proposed using taxpayer money to allow parents to send their children to private schools, a concept easily appropriated by those seeking to circumvent integration laws. This led to the implementation of voucher systems, especially in Southern states, where they were utilized to maintain racial segregation under the guise of parental choice. The origins of these systems reveal the intersection of economic theory and racial politics, as vouchers became a tool for parents to isolate their children based on their preferences, including racial and ideological lines.
Billionaires and the Weakened Public School System
Billionaires and conservative organizations have played a significant role in shaping the current education landscape, pushing policies that favor privatization and lessen government regulation in schools. This movement is fueled by a disdain for public education, which many perceive as a representative of government control, and a desire for a more Christian and less regulated educational environment. The DeVos family’s involvement exemplifies how religious and economic interests converge to support founders that undermine public school systems. Their collective efforts have shifted educational policies away from evidence-based outcomes to ideologically driven initiatives.
The Mixed Results of Voucher Programs
Early implementations of voucher programs, such as those in Milwaukee and Cleveland, revealed ambiguous outcomes, often neither significantly benefiting nor harming students academically. However, as these programs expanded, particularly towards lower-income families, the findings indicated increasingly negative impacts on students' academic performance. For instance, evaluating outcomes showed that many voucher-affiliated institutions faltered in delivering meaningful education, with some promoting ideologies like creationism rather than focusing on academic rigor. The lack of positive results called into question the efficacy of vouchers, highlighting the risk of prioritizing ideology over educational effectiveness.
Shifts in Rhetoric and the Rise of Cultural Wars
The 2014 revelation of inadequate performance from voucher systems marked a significant change in the discourse surrounding education policy, pivoting from evidence-based arguments to ideologically driven rhetoric. With Trump’s presidency, the narrative shifted to parents' rights and the importance of ideological alignment in school choice, often steering conversations away from academic accountability to culture war issues. As this movement gained traction, it became intertwined with broader societal debates on LGBTQ rights and critical race theory, pushing education into the realm of political conflict. This strategy of reframing the conversation ensured the persistence of vouchers, despite evidence of their detrimental effects on student outcomes, by appealing to a perceived cultural imperative.
In this episode, Brad Onishi interviews Dr. Joshua Cowen, a professor of education policy at Michigan State University, on the controversial issue of school vouchers in the US. They discuss the historical context of the voucher movement, tracing it back to economist Milton Friedman and its intersection with the Brown v. Board decision. The dialogue highlights the ideological motivations behind vouchers, linking them to conservative Christian nationalism and libertarian views on government regulation. Dr. Cowen offers a critical analysis of recent voucher programs in Milwaukee, Cleveland, and Washington, D.C., presenting evidence of their negative effects on academic outcomes. The conversation also delves into the cultural and political forces driving the voucher agenda, especially during the Trump administration, emphasizing the shift from evidence-based arguments to ideological ones.
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