How global trade can help build the clean energy economy
Jul 23, 2024
auto_awesome
In this discussion, Amy Myers-Jaffe, Director at NYU's Energy, Climate Justice Lab, and Dan Esty, Yale's Environmental Law and Policy Professor, dive into the intersection of global trade and the clean energy transition. Dan highlights how international trade rules can foster environmental standards, enabling a collaborative shift to decarbonization. They scrutinize China's solar and EV production dominance and its implications for global trade. Lastly, they explore the necessity of equitable sustainability strategies to mitigate competitive disadvantages in the clean energy market.
International trade can serve as a structured framework to enforce global environmental standards, promoting low-carbon technology adoption among countries.
China's advancements in low-carbon technology create both opportunities for cheaper innovations and concerns over market dominance, necessitating balanced international competition.
A comprehensive reform of trade institutions is essential to align economic policies with sustainability objectives, fostering a cohesive approach to the clean energy transition.
Deep dives
The Importance of International Trade in Clean Energy
International trade is considered a crucial element in addressing climate change and promoting clean energy technologies. There is a growing recognition that the global trading system could incentivize countries and businesses to adopt low-carbon technologies by setting clear environmental standards and creating a level playing field. A significant example is the European Union's carbon border adjustment mechanism, which aims to ensure that imports adhere to the same climate standards as domestic products. This indicates that effective trade policies can encourage not just compliance but a collective push towards a sustainable energy future.
China's Role and Global Market Dynamics
China's massive investment in low-carbon technologies, especially in electric vehicles and solar panels, has led to a significant surplus in production and lowered prices internationally. This overcapacity has raised concerns about unfair competition, compelling nations like the US and those in Europe to impose tariffs to protect their markets. The discussion highlights the delicate tension between benefiting from cheaper technologies and tackling the risks of market dominance by a single country. As competition heats up, it's essential for nations to strike a balance between adopting advancements and ensuring fair market practices.
Political Support and Economic Incentives
The podcast stresses the importance of maintaining political support for the clean energy transition amid rising competition and potential job losses. Businesses are eager to adopt clean technologies but express concern about losing market share if competitors do not also embrace these changes. This creates a sense of urgency for a cohesive international approach that aligns economic incentives with climate commitments. The trade system can play a significant role in fostering this alignment, thereby supporting both environmental goals and economic stability.
Reforming the Global Trade System for Sustainability
A comprehensive reform of the World Trade Organization and similar institutions is seen as essential for integrating sustainability into global trade practices. The current framework traditionally prioritizes economic efficiency, which may conflict with environmental goals. Advocates call for establishing new standards and procedures that address climate change and broader social issues, ensuring that trade helps rather than hinders sustainability efforts. This involves reevaluating subsidies and forming fair standards that countries can collectively endorse, reflecting a more holistic approach to global commerce.
Future Possibilities and Collaborative Leadership
The discussion underscores a cautious optimism about establishing a global trade system conducive to decarbonization. Emerging leaders from both the developing and developed world are urged to collaborate in reshaping the international trade landscape. Key figures in organizations such as the WTO express a commitment to aligning trade policy with the need for a clean energy transition. The potential for developing countries to become significant players in the clean energy sector highlights the necessity for supportive frameworks that foster innovation while addressing entrenched global inequalities.
As the world struggles to co-operate on the energy transition, international trade rules can be a foundation for the new low-carbon economy.
Ed Crooks is joined by regular guest Amy Myers-Jaffe, Director of New York University’s Energy, Climate Justice, and Sustainability Lab, and new guest on The Energy Gang: Dan Esty, who is the Hillhouse Professor of Environmental Law and Policy at Yale University. Dan goes a long way back in clean energy: he was on the US delegation that negotiated the original Framework Convention on Climate Change back in 1992. And he has recently been working for Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Director-General of the World Trade Organisation, to develop a sustainability strategy for the global trading system.
Dan argues that the trade system may be the best way to get everyone in the world, and businesses in particular, to “lock arms and move together” to decarbonize the global economy. The goal is to make sure that “no one's competitively disadvantaged by stepping out in front of the pack when it comes to this movement to a clean energy future."
Ed, Amy and Dan explore this concept in this week’s show. The trade system provides a structured framework of rules that can enforce environmental standards globally. By integrating these standards into trade policies, countries can be encouraged to adopt low-carbon technologies without fearing competitive disadvantages. Businesses and countries are reluctant to switch to clean energy if they think their competitors won't do the same. Trade rules can make sure everyone plays fair.
What’s more, a reformed trade system that promotes clean energy technologies can also create economic opportunities around the world. The gang discuss how new rules could help developing countries.