25: Tides of History: The Decline and Fall of the Roman City
Nov 14, 2017
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Explore the decline and fall of Roman cities, including their role in shaping the Roman world, challenges faced during the crisis of the third century, factors contributing to their decline, and the impact of the capture of North Africa on the Western half of the Roman Empire. Also, learn about the rise of the modern world and late medieval economic explosion.
33:40
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Quick takeaways
The decline and fall of Roman cities had a significant impact on the empire, affecting the economy, administration, and identity of the Romans.
The survival or decline of Roman cities was influenced by factors such as trade networks, state support, and political stability, with some cities adapting and others falling into irrelevance.
Deep dives
The Decline of Roman Cities
The podcast explores the decline of Roman cities and how it affected the empire. It discusses how cities were essential for the Roman economy and the interconnectedness of trade. The episode highlights the importance of cities in Roman identity and administration, as well as their role in providing necessary goods and services. It also delves into the factors that contributed to the decline of Roman cities, such as epidemics, barbarian invasions, political instability, and economic issues. The episode emphasizes the varied impact of the decline, with some cities adapting and surviving while others fell into irrelevance.
The Fragility of Urbanism
Using British market towns and Arles as examples, the podcast illustrates the fragility of urbanism in different regions of the Roman Empire. It explains how urban life relied on the state's support, infrastructure, and demand for imported goods. Market towns were important economic centers, but their existence was tied to the artificial connections created by the state. In regions like Britain, with less secure connections, urbanism declined due to barbarian invasions, political instability, and the collapse of the tax system. In contrast, cities like Arles, with strong trade networks, survived longer despite the political breakdown and economic changes.
The Patterns of Decline
The podcast explores the patterns of decline in Roman cities, acknowledging the variations and exceptions. It discusses how declining cities held fewer people, built smaller and defensive walls, and saw a shift in the focus of aristocrats from public buildings to building churches. The decline affected trade in bulk goods, infrastructure maintenance, and population movement. The episode highlights the impact of collapsing structures in the Roman Empire and the dismantling of the political, urban, educational, and population aspects of Roman identity. It concludes by emphasizing the significance of the decline of cities in the overall decline of the Roman Empire.
Looking Ahead: The Rise of the Modern World
In the closing segment, the podcast provides a glimpse into the next topic to be explored: the rise of the modern world. It teases the discussion of the late medieval economic explosion and the transformation of the European and world economies through banking, credit, trade expansion, and re-urbanization. The episode invites listeners to engage further by following the host on social media or subscribing to the podcast on various platforms.
Cities were what made the Roman world Roman, but as the Empire fell apart, so did its cities. They shrank drastically or disappeared entirely between 400 and 600. In today's episode, we'll find out how and why.
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