What Do We Really Know About the Maternal-Mortality Crisis?
Aug 6, 2024
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Saloni Dattani, a researcher at Our World in Data, dives into the alarming rise in maternal mortality rates in the U.S. She reveals that this spike might stem from measurement changes rather than a true increase in deaths. The discussion unpacks how historical data classifications and pandemic influences shaped current statistics. Saloni emphasizes the importance of accurate data interpretation and effective communication to address misconceptions, stressing the need for transparency in public health narratives.
The rise in U.S. maternal mortality rates is largely attributed to improved tracking methods rather than an actual increase in deaths.
Significant racial disparities in maternal mortality persist, particularly for Black women, highlighting the need for health equity and systemic change.
Deep dives
Increasing Maternal Mortality: A Misleading Narrative
Research indicates that maternal mortality rates in the U.S. have more than doubled between 1999 and 2019. This alarming statistic has led to public fear and confusion regarding the safety of childbirth. However, investigations into the data suggest that this apparent increase is not due to worsening conditions for pregnant women, but rather improved tracking methods of maternal deaths. These statistical changes have contributed to a narrative suggesting a maternal mortality crisis, creating urgency for policy intervention when the reality may not be as bleak.
Improved Tracking or Overcounting?
The addition of a pregnancy checkbox to national death certificates in the 1990s aimed to prevent underreporting of maternal mortality. While this change succeeded in capturing previously uncounted deaths, it inadvertently led to an overcount by misclassifying non-pregnancy-related deaths as maternal mortality. Studies in states such as Georgia and Louisiana showed that over 20% of reported pregnancy-related deaths were inaccurate. This measurement error complicates the understanding of actual maternal mortality rates and highlights the need for accurate data collection.
Racial Disparities Persist
Despite the changes in maternal mortality data collection, significant racial disparities remain, particularly for Black women whose maternal mortality rates are disproportionately high. Research indicates that these disparities existed prior to the changes in measurement and continue to persist. However, the new methods have likely reduced the number of missed maternal deaths among Black women, leading to a clearer understanding of the ongoing challenges they face. This underscores the importance of addressing health equity and systemic issues that contribute to these disparities.
The Importance of Accurate Communication
The narrative surrounding maternal mortality has complex implications for public perception, research, and policymaking. While raising awareness about maternal deaths is crucial, using potentially misleading statistics can create fear and skew funding and research efforts. Experts emphasize the necessity for clear communication regarding both the numbers and the context of maternal mortality. Without this clarity, stakeholders may focus on addressing perceived crises rather than the chronic educational and healthcare issues that need attention.
From 1999 and 2019, researchers found that the maternal-mortality rate in the U.S. more than doubled. Over the years, these findings filtered their way through academic journals and the news media to the general public.
But was there something more to this story? How had the U.S. become such a deadly place for pregnant women?
In this episode of Good on Paper, host Jerusalem Demsas talks to Saloni Dattani, a researcher at Our World in Data. Her work—built on the research of other skeptical scientists—found that the seeming rise in maternal deaths was actually the result of something very simple: a measurement change.
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