Discover the life of Helen McNicoll, a trailblazing Canadian Impressionist whose journey was marked by her struggle with hearing loss and her vibrant artistic expression. Delve into her affluent upbringing in Montreal and her decision to defy norms by studying in London. Explore her influential collaborations with fellow artists, navigating a male-dominated art world while leaving a lasting impact. Finally, reflect on her tragic early death and the renewed appreciation for her work as recent discoveries highlight her contributions to art history.
Helen McNicoll's early exposure to art and home tutoring after losing her hearing laid the foundation for her Impressionist career.
Her partnership with Dorothea Sharp not only shaped her distinctive artistic style but also provided vital support in a male-dominated art world.
Deep dives
Helen McNichol's Early Life and Education
Helen McNichol was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1879 to a family that valued art, which likely influenced her early exposure to the creative world. After contracting scarlet fever and losing her hearing as a toddler, she received home tutoring that included art lessons. Her formal art education began at the Art Association of Montreal, where she learned foundational techniques like nude figure studies and copying the works of masters, earning a scholarship for her efforts. Such early education laid the groundwork for her eventual career as a prominent impressionist painter.
Artistic Development in London and Cornwall
At age 23, McNichol moved to London to study at the Slade School of Art, a choice speculated to be influenced by familial ties and her comfort with the English language. Her time at the Slade, known for a restrained style of modernism, allowed her to engage with controversial subjects, such as nude models, which were still groundbreaking for female artists. After earning first-class honors, she studied in Cornwall at the Cornish School of Landscape and Sea Painting, where her style evolved under the guidance of esteemed artists. This period solidified her reputation and helped shape her approach to impressionism.
Collaborative Relationship with Dorothea Sharp
Helen McNichol formed a lifelong partnership with British Impressionist Dorothea Sharp, who played a significant role in her artistic career. They lived and worked together, fostering an environment that allowed them both to thrive in a male-dominated art world. Sharp assisted McNichol in navigating various art exhibitions and communication challenges due to her deafness. Together, they developed a distinctive artistic style that focused on female subjects and the subtleties of light, showcasing their commitment to representing women's experiences in their art.
Legacy and Recognition of McNichol's Work
Though McNichol was well-acclaimed during her lifetime, her contributions to Canadian Impressionism were not fully recognized after her untimely death in 1915. Her work typically emphasized light and atmosphere, an aspect celebrated in her pieces like 'Fishing' and 'In the Shadow of the Tent,' which poignantly depict women's lives. Despite the growing popularity of Canadian Impressionism, later art historians often overlooked women's contributions, with McNichol disproportionately overshadowed by male contemporaries. However, recent exhibitions have begun to rectify this omission, finally acknowledging her influence and renewing interest in her body of work.
Helen McNicoll was a Canadian painter who had a significant influence on the rise of Impressionism in that country. McNicoll, who lost her hearing in childhood, was quite successful as an artist, though her career and life were short.
Research:
Anderson, Jocelyn. “William Brymner: Life & Work.” Art Canada Institute. https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/william-brymner/biography/
Atanassova, Katerina. “Helen McNicoll: In Search of Light.” National Gallery of Canada. 5/4/2023. https://www.gallery.ca/magazine/your-collection/helen-mcnicoll-in-search-of-light
Babbs, Verity. “Painting Bought for $2,700 Revealed to Be $390,000 Masterpiece.” Artnet. 10/23/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/fake-or-fortune-helen-mcnicoll-painting-2557012
Burton, Samantha. “Helen McNicoll: Life and Work.” Art Canada Institute. https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/helen-mcnicoll/biography/
Canadian Women Artists History Initiative. “MCNICOLL, Helen Galloway.” https://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=105
Goodman, Rachel. “Renowned Canadian artist’s painting that was lost for over 100 years discovered by U.K. artist.” Now Toronto. 10/6/2024. https://nowtoronto.com/news/renowned-canadian-artists-painting-that-was-lost-for-over-100-years-discovered-by-u-k-artist/
“Death Cuts Short Promising Career.” The Gazette (Montreal, Quebec, Canada). Mon, Jun 28, 1915. Page 5
Haworth, Lorna Helen. “A History of McKay School for the Deaf.” Master’s Thesis. McGill University. 1960.
Huneault, Kristina. “Impressions of difference: the painted canvases of Helen McNicoll.” Art History. April 2004.
Luckyj, Natalie. “Helen McNicoll : a Canadian Impressionist.” Art Gallery of Ontario. 1999.
Luckyj, Natalie. “McNICOLL, HELEN GALLOWAY,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 14, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed January 14, 2025, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mcnicoll_helen_galloway_14E.html.
Musee National des Beaux Arts du Quebec. “Musee National des Beaux Arts du Quebec.” https://www.mnbaq.org/en/exhibition/helen-mcnicoll-1306
Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec. “Helen McNicoll. An impressionist Journey A celebration of light!.” Canadian Newswire. 6/19/2024. https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/helen-mcnicoll-an-impressionist-journey-a-celebration-of-light--811205352.html
Nash, Julie. “Defining Moments: Mary Cassatt and Helen McNicoll in 1913.” At Herstory. 8/8/2023. https://artherstory.net/defining-moments-mary-cassatt-and-helen-mcnicoll-in-1913/
Prakash, A.K. "Independent Spirit: Early Canadian Women Artists." Queen's Quarterly, vol. 116, no. 3, fall 2009, pp. 354+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A211717399/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f5c4f4e2. Accessed 13 Jan. 2025.
Widd, Thomas. “History of the Protestant Institution for Deaf-Mutes, Montreal, Canada.” American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb. Vol. 22, No. 4. October 1877. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44401559