Shane Smith sits down with Julian Kelly, Senior Director of Hardware at Google  Quantum AI and architect of the groundbreaking Willow chip, to map out the next frontier of computing. Kelly explains how Google’s 100 plus qubit processors now complete benchmark tasks in minutes that would outlive the universe on today’s fastest supercomputers, why error corrected “logical” qubits are the last hurdle to practical machines, and which real world problems will fall first once quantum power comes online. Along the way they tackle encryption panic, AI synergy, the global quantum race, and the mind bending philosophy behind many worlds.

Conversation Highlights:

Willow & “beyond classical” benchmarks: 10²⁵year speedup over conventional supercomputers

Roadmap milestones → quantum supremacy → scalable error correction →“Milestone 3” logical qubit

Drug discovery, battery chemistry, fertilizer synthesis, fusion research & other early killer apps

Post-quantum cryptography and the myth vs. reality of “QDay” data breach fears
Cooling to 10 milliKelvin, chip design shifts from DWave annealers to gate based processors

How AI can train on quantum generated data—and how quantum can turbocharge AI research

Global landscape: Google’s lead, government labs, and the rise of private startups
Philosophical detours: superposition, entanglement, many worlds interpretations
Five-year horizon for the first commercially useful quantum workload
Kelly’s personal journey—from UCSB lab tinkerer to Google’s quantum hardware chief

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The Quantum Chip That Might Change Everything ft. Julian Kelly | Shane Smith Has Questions