The Debate on US Strategy in Taiwan-China Relations
Jul 20, 2023
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Tensions between Taiwan and China are debated. Should the US prioritize military deterrence or political solutions? The importance of maintaining deterrence and Taiwan's resistance capabilities is discussed. The need for political and diplomatic assurance is emphasized. The US should keep an open door policy with China and determine limits on arms sales to avoid provocation. Alternative policy approaches and the importance of US-Taiwan-China relations are explored.
Bolstering deterrence and shaping Xi Jinping's calculation can raise the costs for aggressive action against Taiwan, helping to avoid a conflict in the Taiwan Strait.
Striking the right balance between deterrence and reassurance is crucial in US-China-Taiwan relations to mitigate the risk of a conflict, emphasizing the importance of credible political and diplomatic reassurance.
Deep dives
The Growing Concern of a Possible War Between China and the US Over Taiwan
Tensions between China and the US have increased in recent years, raising the possibility of an armed conflict over Taiwan. There is a debate on how to avoid war, with disagreement over the best course of action. China's military capabilities, intentions of President Xi Jinping, and its assertive actions in other contexts are factors contributing to the concern. While conflict is not imminent or inevitable, there is a need for a smart mix of policies to deter a conflict in the Taiwan Strait. The US should bolster deterrence and shape Xi Jinping's calculation to raise the costs for aggressive action against Taiwan.
Different Perspectives on the Likelihood of War
Experts have differing views on the likelihood of war between the US and China over Taiwan. One perspective emphasizes China's increasing military capabilities and the statements made by President Xi Jinping, suggesting a growing possibility of using force to achieve unification. Another perspective argues that although China has increased military sorties and exercises, there is no clear evidence that major overt force towards Taiwan is imminent. Additionally, the costs and risks involved in attacking Taiwan remain high for China, politically, militarily, economically, and in terms of global image.
The Importance of Deterrence and Reassurance in US-Taiwan Relations
The report advocates for bolstering deterrence to delay China's development of a viable military option against Taiwan. Measures include enhancing force posture in the region, increasing coordination with Japan and other allies, and strengthening Taiwan's defensive capabilities. However, reassurance is also crucial to prevent an unintended escalation of the conflict. The report recognizes the need to maintain the US one-China policy and avoid actions that permanently separate Taiwan from China. Effective reassurance measures should include diplomatic consultations, endorsing a resolution reached without coercion, and clarifying that the US does not view Taiwan as a strategic location vital to its security position in the Western Pacific.
The Challenge of Balancing Deterrence and Reassurance
There is a debate on how to strike the right balance between deterrence and reassurance in US-China-Taiwan relations. The report focuses primarily on enhancing military deterrence, warning that if the US does not take steps to bolster deterrence, the likelihood of military conflict over Taiwan will increase. On the other hand, some argue that relying solely on military deterrence without credible reassurance could exacerbate the situation and risk a conflict with China. They emphasize the importance of maintaining credible levels of political and diplomatic reassurance, while avoiding actions that undermine the one-China policy and permanently separate Taiwan from China.
As tensions escalate between Taiwan and China, should Washington back Taiwan through increased militarily deterrence or prioritize reassurance and diplomacy with China? Quincy Institute’s Michael Swaine and the Council on Foreign Relations’ David Sacks debate the growing policymaker consensus for US military support to deter a Chinese attack, while considering dissenting views that prioritize political solutions for China-Taiwan unification from the US standpoint.
Tune in next week for part two of this episode where Deep Dish focuses on Taiwan's internal politics around these issues and their views on how to best preserve peace in the China-Taiwan strait.