In this episode, Cary Sinnett is joined by renowned CPA and tax expert Bob Keebler to unpack the complexities of theft and casualty loss deductions under IRC Section 165. From pig butchering scams to IRA fraud and Ponzi schemes, this episode dives deep into the kinds of losses the IRS will—and won’t—let you deduct, what qualifies as a profit motive, and how financial planners can guide their clients through one of the most emotionally and financially painful tax situations.

Five Key Insights for CPA Financial Planners:

Profit Motive Determines Deductibility To qualify under Section 165(c)(2), a theft or loss must stem from a transaction entered into for profit. Losses from romantic or emotional scams—where no profit motive exists—do not qualify.
Five Scam Archetypes to Know A recent IRS CCA outlined five fraud scenarios:
- Compromised account scams
- Pig butchering (crypto fraud)
- Phishing and impersonation
- Romance scams
- Kidnapping/extortion schemes Only the first three had profit motives and were deductible.
The IRA Trap: The Tax Hit Before the Scam If a client is duped into withdrawing funds from an IRA and then loses the money to a scam, they face a double blow—taxable income and no deductible loss. CPA advisors must flag this risk early.
Documentation Is Critical for IRS Support To substantiate a theft loss, clients need:
- Bank records (e.g., wire transfers)
- Law enforcement reports
- A clear, detailed paper trail showing the loss and the attempt to recover funds Directing the IRS to the assigned FBI agent can strengthen the claim.
Mitigation and Planning: Protecting Vulnerable Clients Encourage older or high-net-worth clients to follow a “1–2% rule” on risky investments. Foster opens dialogue with family members and advisors to prevent fraud and ensure support if it occurs.

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IRC Section 165
IRS CCA 2025-101015 (the ruling discussed)
Revenue Procedure 2009-20 (Ponzi Scheme Safe Harbor)
AICPA PFP Section
Guiding your clients who are financial caregivers
Scam Tracker Risk Report

This episode is brought to you by the AICPA’s Personal Financial Planning Section, the premier provider of information, tools, advocacy, and guidance for professionals who specialize in providing tax, estate, retirement, risk management and investment planning advice. Also, by the CPA/PFS credential program, which allows CPAs to demonstrate competence and confidence in providing these services to their clients. Visit us online to join our community, gain access to valuable member-only benefits or learn about our PFP certificate program.

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