Rationally Speaking #19 - Brendan Nyhan on False Beliefs that Refuse to Die
Oct 10, 2010
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Political scientist Brendan Nyhan discusses the challenges of changing false beliefs, citing examples like Iraq's WMDs and misconceptions about political figures. He explores the role of ideology in perpetuating false beliefs and emphasizes the importance of elites in dispelling misinformation. The conversation also touches on strategies to combat false beliefs, survey data reliability, and the evolving media landscape.
People tend to seek information confirming their beliefs, making them resistant to corrections.
Challenging misinformation by elites and holding media accountable can influence societal change over time.
Deep dives
The Persistence of False Beliefs
People tend to expose themselves to information that aligns with their existing beliefs, limiting their exposure to contradictory information. Corrective information can often fail to change misperceptions and may even enhance them. An example discussed was the belief that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, where conservatives exposed to corrections became more likely to believe in the initial misperception.
Challenges in Correcting Misinformation
Educated individuals and partisans can be more resistant to corrective information, as they are skilled at rationalizing their beliefs. There is a difficulty in distinguishing genuine beliefs from strategically or emotionally driven responses in surveys. The emotional response to misinformation may outweigh the impact of factual corrections.
Strategies for Addressing Misinformation
Naming and shaming individuals who spread misinformation and holding media accountable for promoting false narratives are suggested strategies. Elites challenging their own side's misperceptions can be impactful. While individual beliefs can be stubborn, societal change can occur over time, particularly when influenced by elites promoting accurate information.
Ever notice how some beliefs only seem to become stronger, even as they're repeatedly debunked? For example, the belief that Barack Obama is a Muslim, or that Bush banned all stem cell research in the country. Brendan Nyhan tells about what he's learned from his research studies and his experience maintaining Spinsanity, a watchdog blog monitoring political misinformation. Is there any hope of clearing up false beliefs if denials simply make the problem worse? Brendan does offer hope, but it won't be easy.
Brendan Nyhan is a a Robert Wood Johnson Scholar in Health Policy Research at the University of Michigan. He received a Ph.D. from the Department of Political Science at Duke University in May 2009. In 2011, He will join the Department of Government at Dartmouth College as an assistant professor. His research focuses on political scandal and misperceptions. He also conducts research on social networks and applied statistical methods.
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