In this engaging discussion, Jonathan Rauch, an insightful journalist and author known for his work on public policy and culture, delves into timeless and timely issues. He connects the philosophies of Plato to modern challenges like cancel culture, examining how ancient ideas can inform our views on free speech today. The conversation covers moral dilemmas surrounding controversial figures like Salman Rushdie, the pitfalls of intolerance in liberal institutions, and the pressing need for open-mindedness amidst ideological dogma in media and society.
Plato's philosophical ideals, while aiming for an ideal society, inadvertently promote authoritarianism, challenging individual freedoms in contemporary discourse.
The contrast between Socratic inquiry and Platonic authority emphasizes the need for skepticism and open debate in evolving knowledge.
Cancel culture poses a significant threat to free speech, highlighting the necessity for open discourse to protect diverse perspectives in society.
Deep dives
Plato's Totalitarianism
Plato's philosophical contributions, particularly in his work 'The Republic', are criticized for laying the groundwork for totalitarian thought. The argument presented highlights that while Plato aimed to create an ideal society governed by philosopher-kings, his ideas can be viewed as endorsing a strict hierarchy that undermines individual freedom. The discussion suggests that Plato’s advocacy for eugenics and authoritarian governance serves as a cautionary tale against idealistic philosophies that dismiss individual rights. This interpretation challenges the notion that Plato’s works were merely theoretical, suggesting they have real-world implications reflected in historical and contemporary authoritarian regimes.
The Challenge of Knowledge
The discussion contrasts Socrates' relentless pursuit of truth with Plato's more rigid epistemology. Socrates is portrayed as the archetype of inquiry, constantly challenging accepted beliefs, while Plato's approach relies heavily on philosophical authority and contemplation. This dialogue raises critical questions about how knowledge evolves and the implications of adhering too closely to authoritative interpretations rather than encouraging open debate. The portrayal of Socrates emphasizes the value of questioning and skepticism, which remains vital in modern intellectual discourse.
The Enlightenment's Impact
The conversation shifts to the transformative effects of the Enlightenment and figures such as Martin Luther and Michel de Montaigne on the quest for knowledge. Luther's advocacy for universal access to the Bible marked a significant departure from hierarchical interpretations of knowledge, paving the way for Enlightenment thinkers who sought alternative methods to ascertain truth. Montaigne represents a skeptical viewpoint, asserting the fallibility of established authorities, which aligns with the emerging scientific methods of inquiry. This historical context illustrates how the rebellion against authoritarian thought fostered a culture of examination and discourse that is central to liberal science.
Foundations of Liberal Science
Liberal science is introduced as a revolutionary approach to knowledge-seeking that emphasizes criticism and social collaboration over authoritarian dictates. The principles outlined are that no one holds a final say, and personal authority does not dictate truth, allowing for an environment where all ideas can be openly debated and scrutinized. This framework not only encourages the testing of hypotheses but also creates a robust mechanism for self-correction that is foundational in scientific advancement. By asserting that knowledge is an ongoing pursuit rather than a destination, this perspective fosters intellectual humility and continuous inquiry.
The Modern Challenges to Free Speech
Contemporary discussions highlight the tension between free speech and social conformity, particularly within academic and social media spaces. The emergence of cancel culture is critiqued as a form of social coercion that stifles dissenting voices, which can result in professional repercussions for individuals expressing unpopular opinions. The reference to historical and ongoing debates around free speech illustrates the complex dynamics at play, where certain ideas are protected or suppressed based on perceived societal norms. This dilemma underscores the need for a renewed commitment to open discourse, emphasizing that challenging ideas is essential for maintaining a robust exchange of perspectives in society.
Jonathan Rauch is an American journalist, philosopher and author of eight books and many articles on public policy, culture, and government.
He has also written on topics as widely varied as adultery, agriculture, economics, gay marriage, height discrimination, biological rhythms, number inflation, and animal rights.
Join Damien Grant as he interviews Jonathan Rauch, who is currently in New Zealand on behalf of the Free Speech Union. The discussion starts with Plato, later progresses to Cancel Culture and even takes a turn to Donald Trump.