Exploring CNS tumors, they discuss incidence rates, challenges in treatment, and mortality. From meningiomas to gliomas, they cover radiological and pathological features, IDH mutations, and targeted therapies. They delve into grade two CNS tumors, MGMT gene impact on treatment outcomes, temozolomide toxicities, and treatment options for glioblastoma. Imaging characteristics of various CNS tumors are also explored.
Meningiomas are the most common benign brain tumors, typically slow-growing and more common in older individuals.
Glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors, with treatment strategies involving surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy based on genomic data.
Deep dives
Overview of Primary Brain Tumors Incidence Rates
Brain tumors are the most common cancer type in children, with an incidence rate of five cases per 100,000 per year. In adults, brain tumors are less common, with an incidence rate of 40 cases per 100,000 individuals. Meningiomas are the most common benign brain tumors, comprising about 50% of benign brain tumors. Glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors, comprising about 15% of all brain tumors.
Distribution of Primary Brain Tumors
Approximately one-third of brain tumors are meningiomas, making them the most common type. Pituitary tumors follow as the next most common type, managed primarily by endocrinologists. Glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors, comprising around 15% of all brain tumors. Less common brain tumors include nerve tumors like acoustic neuromas, less common gliomas like astrocytomas, and CNS lymphomas.
Characteristics and Symptoms of Meningiomas
Meningiomas are typically benign, slow-growing tumors arising from the meninges of the arachnoid layer. They are more common in older individuals and have a lifetime risk of around 1%. Radiologically, meningiomas appear as homogenously contrast enhancing masses with a dural tail. Symptoms can include seizures, headaches, cognitive impairments, and focal neurological deficits.
Pathology and Treatment of Gliomas
Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults, with four histologic subtypes ranging from grade 1 to 4 based on the WHO criteria. Grade 1 gliomas, like pilocytic astrocytomas, are common in children and can be curative with complete surgical resection. Grade 2 and 3 gliomas have mutations like IDH and ATRX, affecting their growth patterns. Treatment strategies for gliomas typically involve a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, with new genomic data influencing prognosis and therapeutic options.
An overview of CNS tumors with Dr. Safa Abdelhakim and Neuro-Oncologist Dr. Nick Blondin.
Note: This podcast is intended solely as an educational tool for learners, especially neurology residents. The contents should not be interpreted as medical advice.
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