Pete and Aaron from Timeline Earth Read Vladimir Lenin's 'State and Revolution' - Complete

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Written in 1863 by Nikolai Chernyshevsky, 'What Is to Be Done? ' is a novel that had a significant influence on Russian revolutionary thought. The story follows Viéra Pavlovna, a young woman who seeks economic independence and starts a cooperative workshop for seamstresses. The novel promotes the creation of small socialist cooperatives, advocates for women's rights, and critiques the patriarchal and authoritarian structures of Russian society. It was written in response to Ivan Turgenev's 'Fathers and Sons' and played a central role in polarizing the Russian intelligentsia between radical and liberal reformers. The novel's impact was so profound that it contributed to the conflicts leading up to the Russian Revolution.

Karl Marx's "The Civil War in France" is a pamphlet analyzing the Paris Commune of 1871. Marx examines the Commune's revolutionary significance, its attempts to establish a new form of government, and its ultimate suppression by the French army. The pamphlet offers a powerful critique of the state and its role in maintaining class power. Marx's analysis of the Commune's successes and failures has had a lasting impact on revolutionary theory and practice. The pamphlet's insights into the nature of the state, the dynamics of class struggle, and the possibilities of revolutionary transformation remain relevant today. It is a key text for understanding the history of revolutionary movements and the ongoing struggle for social change.

A critical analysis of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's philosophical and economic ideas, particularly his concept of mutualism, contrasting it with Marx's historical materialism.

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In 'Suicide of the West,' Jonah Goldberg argues that the principles of liberal democracy and capitalism, which he terms 'the Miracle,' are under threat from various forms of illiberalism. He contends that the West's prosperity and political stability are not inevitable but rather the result of unique historical and philosophical developments. Goldberg warns that complacency and the erosion of these principles due to partisanship, polarization, and identity politics could lead to democratic decline. He emphasizes the importance of gratitude for the achievements of Western civilization and the need to rediscover and uphold its founding ideals to prevent its downfall.

In this work, Friedrich Engels delves into the interplay between familial structures, economic systems, and state formation. He argues that the oppression of women and the emergence of class society are historically linked to the production of a surplus and the division of society into classes. The book also discusses how the state arose as a tool to defend the ruling class. Engels bases his analysis on the research of anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan and uses the method of historical materialism to explain these societal developments.

In this essay, Marx examines how the class struggle in France led to the circumstances that enabled Louis Bonaparte to seize power. He discusses the role of the individual in history, noting that 'Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past. ' The work is also significant for its insights into the nature and meaning of fascism, with Bonaparte's coup seen as a precursor to 20th-century fascist movements.

Originally titled 'Herr Eugen Dühring’s Revolution in Science', this book is a major contribution to Marxist theory. It was written as a response to Eugen Dühring, a German revisionist who challenged Marxist ideas within the Social Democratic Party of Germany. The work is divided into three parts: Philosophy, Political Economy, and Socialism. It provides an encyclopaedic survey of Marxist conceptions on philosophical, natural-science, and historical problems. The book was first published in parts in the newspaper 'Vorwärts' in 1877 and later in book form in 1878. It has been highly influential in the development of socialist thought and remains a significant work in Marxist literature.