#188 - The Supreme Value of Literary Criticism: A Dialogue with Merve Emre
Dec 19, 2022
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Xavier Bonilla interviews Merve Emre, a literature professor at Oxford University. They discuss the importance of literary criticism, different ways of reading, interpretation methods, genre boundaries, and the philosophical implications in novels like 'Heaven' by Mieko Kawakami. They also touch on film adaptations, favorite books like 'Crime and Punishment' and 'Lolita', and the themes of cruelty and love in literature.
Interpreting literature involves navigating different models and theories, taking into account genre, historical context, and alternative interpretations.
Understanding the interplay between specific details and overarching meaning is crucial in reading literature.
Literature explores themes of morality, showcasing the complex relationship between personal and societal values.
Deep dives
The Complexity of Interpretation and Genre
Interpreting literature requires navigating various models and theories, such as author's intent, referential theory, ideational theory, and meaning as a function of use theory. However, the interpretation is often influenced by the genre and historical context, which shapes our expectations and understanding of literary works. Accuracy and persuasiveness are key elements in interpretation, with accurate description and consideration of alternative interpretations playing crucial roles. The process involves understanding verbal meaning, genre-specific expectations, and the dialectic between local effects and the whole.
The Dynamic Relationship Between Parts and Whole
In reading literature, there is a constant interplay between the specific details or local effects and the overarching meaning or whole. Understanding how the local effects contribute to the mood, tone, or feel of the whole text is essential. This dynamic relationship between parts and whole requires a careful balance, with an appreciation for the nuances of each individual element and their cumulative impact.
The Moral Origins in Mieko Kawakami's 'Heaven'
In Mieko Kawakami's novel 'Heaven,' the origins of morality are explored through the two main characters. The book delves into themes of bullying and examines how morality shapes human behavior. Through the characters' experiences and actions, the novel highlights the complexity and multifaceted nature of morality, shedding light on the interplay between personal and societal values, as well as the consequences of moral choices.
Genre and the Importance of Boundaries
Genre is characterized by a dynamic interplay between stability and change over time. It provides a framework for readers to set expectations and interpret works based on their conventions. Without adhering to genre boundaries, reading works becomes challenging, as different genres serve different purposes. For instance, expecting a tragedy to be a comedy or a magical realist novel to be realist would lead to misinterpretations. Additionally, genre helps us avoid incorrect standards and poor justifications when evaluating works. Some contemporary criticism fails to appreciate the distinct qualities of genres, leading to flawed assessments.
Cruelty, Art, and the Self in Literature
Cruelty, particularly emotional and psychological, is an enduring theme in literature. Novels like Lolita and Giovanni's Room explore the relationship between cruelty and art, shedding light on the ways people hurt each other, intentionally or inadvertently. Cruelty often arises in the context of questions about responsibility and what individuals owe to one another. Such works prompt us to reflect on our own capacity for cruelty and the complex nature of personal identity. These explorations challenge us to grapple with the idea of confronting the darker aspects of ourselves, ultimately leading to deeper self-understanding and acceptance.
In this episode, Xavier Bonilla has a dialogue with Merve Emre about literary criticism and how to engage with literature. They discuss what literary criticism is and why it is important. They talk about different ways of reading, author’s intent, and the contours of literary genre. They also discuss various forms of interpretation, themes of “becoming” in the philosophy of Nietzsche and writing of Mieko Kawakami, and many more topics.
Merve Emre is a professor of literature at Oxford University, Critic at The New Yorker, and the Shaprio-Silverberg Distinguished Writer-in-Residence at Wesleyan University. She has her BA from Harvard University and her PhD from Yale University. Her essays have appeared in Harper’s, The Atlantic, and The New York Review of Books. She is the author of numerous books including Paraliterary and The Personality Brokers. You can find her work at her website. Twitter: @mervatim