Sofia Bettiza, BBC's gender and identity correspondent, dives into the booming global surrogacy industry and its ethical complexities. She discusses Italy's controversial ban, likening surrogacy to human trafficking, and shares personal stories of affected couples. The conversation also explores the diverse laws surrounding surrogacy worldwide, the tensions between surrogates and intended parents, and the impact of cultural shifts on this industry. Bettiza balances the empowerment of surrogates against the growing demand from LGBTQ+ and infertile couples.
Surrogacy is a complex issue, balancing the demand for family-building among LGBTQ+ couples with concerns over the potential exploitation of women.
Recent legal changes in countries like Italy reflect a growing trend to criminalize surrogacy, raising serious implications for reproductive rights globally.
Deep dives
Surrogacy: Definitions and Types
Surrogacy involves a woman carrying a baby for another couple, and it can be categorized into two main types: traditional and gestational. Traditional surrogacy occurs when the surrogate uses her own eggs, making her biologically related to the child, while gestational surrogacy involves a surrogate who has no genetic link to the baby, as the embryo is created through IVF using eggs and sperm from other individuals. Gestational surrogacy is more prevalent due to its legal and emotional simplicity. Understanding these distinctions is crucial, especially given the rising demand for surrogacy amid increasing legal restrictions in various countries.
Italy's Surrogacy Ban and Its Implications
Italy has recently enacted a stringent law categorizing surrogacy as a universal crime alongside serious offenses like human trafficking. This drastic measure reflects the far-right government's ideological stance that aims to protect women from exploitation, framing the surrogacy industry as one that commodifies female bodies. The law serves as a broader cultural assertion against LGBTQ+ families, as same-sex couples face significant challenges in starting families, especially considering adoption is not legally permitted. The criminalization of surrogacy instills fear among couples who fear legal repercussions for seeking to build their families through reproductive options.
Global Perspectives on Surrogacy Regulations
The legal landscape of surrogacy varies significantly across the globe, with some countries fully banning the practice while others allow it under strict regulations. In countries where commercial surrogacy is legal, like the US, women can be compensated handsomely, leading to the rapid growth of this industry. However, many nations, influenced by religious and ethical concerns, worry about the exploitation of women, particularly in developing countries with less oversight. This tension raises questions about the future of surrogacy, as societal norms evolve and demand continues to rise, potentially pushing for more equitable regulation.
Surrogacy is a booming global industry generating billions of dollars every year. But while demand for surrogacy is rising - more and more countries are taking steps to ban it completely. Most recently in Italy – where the far-right government has passed a new law that makes surrogacy a “universal crime”, putting it on the same level as child abuse and human trafficking. So, is surrogacy exploitative or empowering women?
On this episode Lucy Hockings speaks with the BBC's gender and identity correspondent Sofia Bettiza about how to balance the desire of gay or infertile couples to become parents with the rights of the women who carry the children.
The Global Story brings you trusted insights from BBC journalists worldwide. We want your ideas, stories and experiences to help us understand and tell #TheGlobalStory. Email us at theglobalstory@bbc.com You can also message us or leave a voice note via WhatsApp on +44 330 123 9480.
Producer: Alice Aylett Roberts
Sound engineers: Ben Andrews and Daniel Ehrlich
Assistant editor: Sergi Forcada Freixas
Senior news editor: Sara Wadeson
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