An Ecological History of Modern China, with Stevan Harrell — Part 2
Jun 27, 2024
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Anthropologist Stevan Harrell discusses ecological disasters during the Mao era, the impact of water systems on agriculture, China's environmental progress, and challenges. Topics include authoritarian environmentalism, the Environmental Kuznets curve, and a preview of Harrell's book on the Yangjuan Primary School. Recommendations include 'Haroun and the Sea of Stories' and 'The Cold War: A Global History'.
Ecological disasters during Mao's era illustrate the Four Horsemen of Ecopocalypse.
Introduction of water systems and fertilizers boosted agricultural production in China.
Progress in air quality shows environmental advancements, despite ongoing challenges like soil contamination.
Deep dives
Life's Definition in the Coast Guard
The essence of a good life, as portrayed in the Coast Guard, involves a blend of adventure, friendship, and dedicated pursuit of beliefs. Embracing these elements encapsulates the core concept of what constitutes a fulfilling life.
Cultural Insight on China's Ecological History
Exploring China's ecological history through anthropological insights, focusing on initiatives like the Great Leap Forward, sheds light on the catastrophic impacts of misguided policies. The discussion delves into the repercussions of linear thinking and the failure to consider system feedbacks in implementing rapid development plans.
Environmental Progress in China
China's strides in environmental initiatives such as air quality improvement and energy transition showcase tangible advancements. While challenges like soil contamination and water pollution persist, the emergence of ecological civilization principles and a shift towards sustainable growth models offer hope for addressing environmental concerns.
Change in Chinese Rhetoric on Environment and Global South Identity
The podcast discusses the positive shift in Chinese rhetoric regarding environmental issues and the global south identity. Chinese leaders no longer use historical oppression as an excuse for certain actions, signaling a move away from portraying China as part of the global south seeking special rights. This change reflects China's shift towards being an upper-middle-income country, reducing reliance on historical grievances for policy decisions.
Authoritarian Environmentalism and Comparing Development Models
The episode explores the concept of authoritarian environmentalism and its role in addressing environmental challenges. While some argue for the necessity of state intervention to combat environmental issues, the podcast highlights empirical evidence that shows similar development outcomes between capitalist and socialist models. The discussion touches on the environmental Kuznets curve, comparing development results in different countries like China, Japan, and Taiwan, and emphasizes the importance of empirical data over ideological assumptions in environmental policy-making.
This week on Sinica, Part 2 of the interview with anthropologist Stevan Harrell, professor emeritus at the University of Washington, about his magnum opus, An Ecological History of China. Be sure to listen to Part 1 first, as many important framing concepts are discussed in that episode!
1:44 “– The Four Horsemen of Ecopocalypse” and ecological disasters during the Mao period, and the story of the double-wheel, double-bladed plow
11:00 – The effect of the introduction of water systems and fertilizers on agricultural production
21:03 – “The replumbing of China:” The South-North Water Transfer Project and the National Water Network
27:32 – Areas of progress: Air pollution and the energy mix
32:48 – Areas lacking appreciable improvement: Soil contamination, water pollution, and flood vulnerability
36:04 – Ecological civilization and breaking the binary between development and environmental protection
47:00 – Steve’s cognitive style: A fox of the two cultures
53:23 – nSteve’s views on authoritarian environmentalism
58:46 – The Environmental Kuznets curve
1:05:54 – A preview of Steve’s current book project about the Yangjuan Primary School in Liangshan