The podcast explores Napoleon's challenges in Egypt, including the Battle of the Nile, France's foreign policy, and the Ottoman reaction. It delves into the chaos and resistance in Cairo, cultural differences in administration, and Napoleon's dilemma of converting to Islam for legitimacy. The episode also mentions Napoleon's failed overtures and transitions to an advertisement for 'Civil War and Reconstruction' podcast.
46:03
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Quick takeaways
The defeat of the French naval forces by the British fleet in the Battle of the Nile severely damages French naval power in the Mediterranean, while also sparking a diplomatic backlash against the French invasion.
France's expansion in Europe during the post-war period, including support for radical factions, contributes to the growing atmosphere of instability and reactionary response from other European powers, alarming the great courts.
Deep dives
The French expedition to Egypt suffers setbacks
In the podcast, the speaker discusses the setbacks faced by Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798. The British fleet, led by Horatio Nelson, defeats the French naval forces in the Battle of the Nile, severely damaging French naval power in the Mediterranean. Moreover, a powerful diplomatic backlash forms against the French invasion, as rumors spread of secret negotiations among old regime powers to form a new coalition against France. The episode highlights the unresolved strategic issues between France and her enemies, as well as the presence of radical republican ideology that continues to disturb the old regimes of Europe.
France expands its influence in Europe
The podcast episode also reveals how France expanded its influence in Europe during the post-war period. France supports radical factions, such as the Uniteur in Switzerland, who want to push the country's political systems towards more progressive ideals and a radical constitution. France's territorial expansion and its actions in Switzerland are perceived by other European powers as acts of aggression, disturbing the balance of power and alarming the great courts. The episode highlights the growing atmosphere of instability and the reactionary response from the old regimes.
The growing fear of French expansion and destabilization
The podcast episode accentuates the growing fear of French expansion and its role in destabilizing Europe during peacetime. Examples discussed include France's involvement with the United Irishmen in Ireland, which triggered a major rebellion. Reports of the brutalities carried out during the Irish Rebellion shocked all of Europe, contributing to the perception that the French Revolution remained a subversive influence, even after the end of the war. Furthermore, the conquest of Malta and the ensuing reaction from Emperor Paul I of Russia highlighted the concerns surrounding French interference in foreign territories and the disruption of the balance of power.
Napoleon's occupation of Cairo and challenges in his rule
The podcast delves into Napoleon's occupation of Cairo and the challenges he faced in governing the city. Despite an initial expectation of resistance, Napoleon's entry into Cairo was met with chaos, riots, and religious processions against the French. The episode highlights the reluctance of the local notables to collaborate with the French, leading Napoleon to rely on the foreign quarter of Cairo for support and insight into the city's governance. The contrast between the foreign residents' openness towards the French and the caution and uneasiness of the native Egyptians is emphasized. Additionally, the podcast explores Napoleon's visit to Al-Azhar mosque and his unsuccessful attempts to secure recognition and legitimacy from Islamic leaders in Egypt.
Relations between France and other great powers deteriorate. The Army of the Orient occupies Cairo, and the French immediately run into difficulties governing. Napoleon makes a major decision that could have huge ramifications for the expedition, and for his own destiny.
Minor correction: during the fourth minute, "dawn of the 18th century" should be "dawn of the 19th century."