Two men are credited with originating the metric system. The podcast explores the rival origin theories and the lengthy process of transitioning to metric. It discusses the life of John Wilkins and his impact on education and science. Wilkins and Mouton's independent work on a universal system of measurement is also discussed. The challenges of implementing the metric system in France and listener interaction regarding Scottish bank notes are explored.
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Quick takeaways
John Wilkins proposed a universal measurement system based on pendulums, while Gabrielle Mouton suggested using a fraction of the Earth's meridian as the basis for a standardized unit.
France became the first country to officially adopt the metric system by establishing the meter as the standard unit of length based on the Earth's meridian, but it took several decades for other countries to fully embrace the system.
Deep dives
The Call for Standardized Measurement
During the podcast episode, it was discussed how there was a pressing need for a universal and standardized system of measurement. Various nations had different methods and proportions of measurement, causing difficulties in global trade and communication. Two individuals, John Wilkins and Gabrielle Mouton, independently proposed ideas for a universal system. Wilkins suggested a pendulum-based measurement, while Mouton advocated for using a fraction of the Earth's meridian. Their proposals aimed to establish a common standard for measuring length, weight, and capacity across nations.
Wilkins' Proposal: The Pendulum Measurement
Wilkins outlined a plan for a universal measurement system based on the use of pendulums. He suggested a pendulum with a half-beat of one second as a standard unit of measurement, known as the 'standard'. He further detailed divisions of length, such as feet, inches, and lines, and proposed similar divisions for capacity and weight. Although Wilkins recognized that his specific proposals might not be adopted, he wanted to emphasize the possibility of aligning all measures to one determined certainty.
Mouton's Proposal: Earth's Meridian Measurement
Mouton believed that a universal system of measurement should be based on a fraction of the Earth's meridian. He calculated that one 10-millionth of one quarter of Earth's Meridian, known as a meter, could form the basis of a standardized unit. He also suggested names for fractional divisions, such as centuria and decima. Mouton recognized the need for measurements to vary based on different latitudes due to factors like the Coriolis force. He proposed using pendulum measurements at various latitudes to calculate the Earth's meridian and derive a universal unit of length.
The Implementation of the Metric System
France became the first country to officially adopt the metric system in the late 18th century. The Academy of Sciences and King Louis XVI approved a plan that established the meter as the standard unit of length based on the Earth's meridian. A measurement expedition was conducted to determine the length of the meter, which took seven years to complete. Despite France's initial adoption, it took several decades for other countries to fully embrace the metric system. The metric system is now widely used worldwide, with only a few exceptions.
Two men, working separately but simultaneously, are each cited as the originator of the idea of the metric system depending on what source you read. But it took more than 100 years to implement the ideas they suggested.
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