The Greco-Persian Wars, Part 2: Xerxes and the Invasion of Greece
Oct 12, 2023
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Xerxes and his massive army descend on Greece, leading to the intense Battle of Thermopylae. The impact of the Greco-Persian Wars on Greek unity and biased narratives is explored. The complexities of alliances and divisions among Greek city-states are highlighted. Xerxes' cultural and historical approach to the campaign, and the size and composition of the Persian army and navy are discussed. The aftermath of the Battle of Thermopylae and the fall of Athens are also covered.
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Quick takeaways
The Persian Wars played a crucial role in shaping Greek identity and the concept of 'Western civilization' through the creation of an us-versus-them mentality.
The primary source for the Persian Wars, Herodotus, should be approached critically due to his biases and reliance on storytelling techniques.
Deep dives
The Persian Wars and Greek Identity
The podcast episode explores the Persian Wars and their impact on shaping a collective Greek identity. The disunited Greek city-states came together to resist the invasion of the powerful Persian Empire. These wars played a fundamental role in creating a sense of Greekness, as the Greeks defined themselves in opposition to the Persians. The Greek literary tradition about the wars, heavily influenced by Herodotus, emphasized this us-versus-them mentality, which would later contribute to the concept of 'Western civilization'.
Herodotus and the Narrative Challenges
The podcast delves into the limitations of relying on Herodotus as the primary source for the Persian Wars. Although Herodotus is considered the first historian, his work is influenced by biases and storytelling techniques. His account of the wars is a constructed narrative shaped by his access to information and the perspectives of his contemporaries. Modern readers must be cautious not to accept his portrayals as historical fact and recognize the shaping of events to suit storytellers' needs.
Persian Motives and the Performance of Kingship
The podcast challenges the conventional framing of the Persians' motives and objectives in the wars. It highlights the Persian imperial tradition and the emphasis on restoring order rather than seeking full conquest. The Persian kings, including Xerxes, had different perspectives and goals, rooted in their understanding of royal victory and the performance of kingship, which involved acts of domination and displays of power. These perspectives provide a more nuanced understanding of Xerxes and his campaign in Greece.
The Battle of Thermopylae and the Greek Resistance
The podcast discusses the famous Battle of Thermopylae, where a small group of Greek defenders, led by the Spartans, held off the larger Persian army. While the Battle of Thermopylae ended in defeat for the Greeks, it served as a delaying action to buy time for the Greeks to organize their defense and gain a sense of hope. The bravery and resilience displayed in this battle became legendary and contributed to the mythos surrounding the Persian Wars.
In 480 BC, the Persian Great King Xerxes descended on mainland Greece with one of the largest armies and navies the world had ever seen. The Persians swept through the approaches to Greece, winning allies and destroying their foes along the way, before meeting the Spartan king Leonidas at the Hot Gates of Thermopylae.
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