Impact of Sanctions on Russia's Economy

Sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia, aimed at curbing its military capabilities following the Ukraine invasion, have had limited effectiveness. Despite a comprehensive regime of export bans and financial restrictions, Russia's economy has shown resilience, with growth rates around 4% annually. An increasing volume of technology and military supplies is being funneled through third countries like Kazakhstan, where Russian imports of electronics surged significantly from 2021 to 2023. This circumvention illustrates not only the inefficacy of existing sanctions but also raises questions about the overall strategy for applying punitive economic measures during geopolitical conflicts.