Manish Kothari, President & Head, Commercial Banking, Kotak Mahindra Bank, joins Anupam to discuss the microfinance sector, lending to women, commercial banking areas, the agricultural sector in India, credit behavior, and book recommendations.
Microfinance provides small, unsecured loans to women borrowers for economic use in various activities, contributing to financial inclusion and formalizing borrowing in remote villages.
Microfinance and gold loans serve different needs, with microfinance supporting women entrepreneurs and providing financial inclusion, while gold loans offer cheaper financing options secured by gold collateral.
Deep dives
Importance of Microfinance and its Growth
Microfinance is a lending concept that provides small, unsecured loans to women borrowers who come together as a group and stand guarantee for each other. The loans are specifically for economic use, supporting women entrepreneurs in various activities such as cattle rearing, silk farming, poultry, and car servicing. The microfinance industry has seen significant growth, with a size of around three and a half lakh crores. This industry plays a crucial role in financial inclusion and formalizing borrowing for women in remote villages. It is driven by joint liability groups, where women borrowers come together for economic upliftment and repayment discipline.
Process and Structure of Microfinance
Accessing microfinance involves borrowers coming together in centers located in remote villages. These centers operate in various states and are managed by center managers who conduct regular meetings with borrowers. Borrowers need to be sponsored or receive approval from existing group members to join. The loan application process is simple, with basic application forms and collective decision-making among group members to determine loan amounts. Repayment flexibility is provided, ranging from weekly to monthly, based on the borrowers' cash flow cycles. The physical nature of this lending model allows for social pressure and monitoring, ensuring proper utilization of funds and timely repayments.
Comparison Between Microfinance and Gold Loans
Microfinance and gold loans cater to different needs and have distinct advantages. Gold loans provide cheaper and easily accessible financing options, secured by gold as collateral. They are suitable for individuals who lack cash flow to make regular payments. Microfinance, on the other hand, offers unsecured loans primarily to women entrepreneurs for economic activities. It provides an opportunity for financial inclusion and supports borrowers in the micro and small enterprise space. Microfinance interest rates range from 20 to 25 percent due to higher operational costs and risks associated with unsecured lending. Both industries have significant growth potential and complement each other.
Microfinance Industry, Growth, and Future
The microfinance industry has witnessed rapid growth and has provided credit facilities to around 66.6 crore women borrowers across various states in India. More than 30% of eligible households have accessed microfinance. Technology has played a pivotal role in the industry's evolution, enabling digital transactions and credit assessments. Mobile apps and UPI-based payments have made the process more convenient and reduced servicing costs. While future risks include factors such as rising interest rates, geopolitical issues, and economic downturns, the industry is expected to sustain its growth by adapting to technological advancements and maintaining credit discipline.
On this episode of #PaisaVaisa, Anupam is joined by Manish Kothari - President & Head, Commercial Banking, Kotak Mahindra Bank. They discuss in depth, the microfinance sector and how the same has changed over the last decade. They also discuss MSMEs and the unorganized money sector. Topping it off, they share thoughts on infrafinancing and the fastest growing infra segments of India! This and more on this episode of Paisa Vaisa!