Anne Applebaum, a staff writer for The Atlantic and expert on authoritarianism, delves into the modern tools autocrats use to consolidate power. She discusses how international finance supports dictators and the fragile nature of their regimes. Applebaum explains the rise of authoritarian populism and how democracies can internally reform to resist these threats. The conversation highlights the complexities of media control and its role in shaping perceptions, ultimately urging democratic nations to strategize against autocratic influences.
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Quick takeaways
Autocratic regimes leverage international financial systems and alliances to sustain power, complicating democratic efforts to initiate regime change.
Democracies can counter authoritarianism by fostering coalitions for transparency and listening to opposition voices to strengthen internal resistance.
Deep dives
Resurgence of Dictatorships
In recent decades, there has been a notable resurgence of dictatorships that have managed not only to survive but to expand their influence globally. This trend has been significantly supported by alliances among autocratic regimes, which offer each other military and economic assistance. For example, countries like Russia and China have been instrumental in providing military equipment and surveillance technologies to regimes like that of Maduro in Venezuela. This cooperation suggests a tacit understanding among dictators that maintaining each other in power is crucial for their own survival, as the fall of one dictator poses a potential threat to the stability of the others.
Shift in Autocratic Strategies
The dynamics of autocratic governance have shifted, particularly since 2013, as many leaders have moved toward harsher forms of repression to maintain control. Throughout the late 20th century, various regimes allowed a degree of openness, which ultimately proved to be a security risk. However, autocrats began to recognize that maintaining their power required not only controlling narratives but also suppressing dissent vigorously. This transformation has manifested in stringent crackdowns on human rights organizations, independent media, and civil society, fundamentally altering the political landscape in nations like Russia and China.
Economic Costs of Repression
While repression serves to maintain autocratic regimes in the short term, it carries significant economic costs that may lead to longer-term consequences. Authoritarian leaders often prioritize power retention above national welfare, leading to the degradation of living standards and increased public discontent. For instance, the authoritarian governance in Venezuela has drastically reduced the quality of life while the leadership remains resolutely in power. Such strategies may not only destabilize the economy but also sow seeds of unrest among citizens who suffer under dire living conditions.
Challenges for Democratic Responses
Democratic nations face significant challenges in crafting effective strategies to counter the encroachment of authoritarian regimes. Historical attempts to export democracy through military intervention have often backfired, leading to instability rather than reform. Instead, a more viable approach may include strengthening international coalitions that support democracy and listening to opposition voices within autocratic states. By imposing stricter regulations on financial systems that facilitate autocratic power, democracies can work towards undermining the resources available to despotic leaders while promoting transparent governance globally.
Yascha Mounk and Anne Applebaum discuss the new tools autocrats use to stay in power.
Anne Applebaum is a staff writer for The Atlantic and a Senior Fellow of the SNF Agora Institute at Johns Hopkins University. Her books include Red Famine: Stalin’s War on Ukraine and Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe. Her latest book is Autocracy, Inc.: The Dictators Who Want to Run the World.
In this week’s conversation, Yascha Mounk and Anne Applebaum discuss how dictators use the system of international finance to maintain power and thwart regime change; how democracies can reform themselves internally to better resist authoritarian infiltration; and why autocratic regimes tend to be hard yet brittle.