J. P. Messina, "Private Censorship" (Oxford UP, 2024)
May 1, 2024
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Philosophy professor J. P. Messina discusses non-state censorship by social groups, employers, media corporations, and search engines. Examining the implications of private censorship on freedom of expression and communication. Exploring the complexities of censorship, including challenges in framing discussions and the need for nuanced analysis. Delving into cases of private entities censoring speech and the importance of fostering open dialogue in democratic societies.
Private censorship extends beyond state control to include interventions by social groups and media corporations, raising questions about how to address non-state censorship effectively.
Balancing editorial independence in the press with preventing harmful censorship requires upholding journalistic integrity and diversifying funding sources for media outlets.
Scrutiny of social media platforms as public squares highlights the challenge of regulating content moderation practices to address concerns about censorship while preserving platform independence.
Deep dives
Different Types of Moderation and Challenges in Search Algorithm Interpretation
Social media platforms employ both hard sanctions like removing content and softer tools to reduce content reach. This moderation can lead to concerns about censorship. Search engines like Google, with their market dominance, present challenges in interpreting search censorship. Antitrust remedies may not fully address free speech issues in search algorithms, and regulating search algorithms as public utilities raises questions about maintaining quality and avoiding corporate influence.
The Impact of Editors on Press Content and Editorial Censorship
Editorial independence in the press is crucial for providing diverse and balanced coverage. However, editors may abuse this independence for censorship by suppressing stories that could be important but threaten their interests. Striking a balance between editorial autonomy and preventing harmful editorial censorship requires revitalizing norms of journalistic integrity and ensuring media outlets rely on multiple funding sources.
Social Media Platforms as Sites of Private Censorship
Social media platforms face scrutiny as potential public squares with significant power over speech. Content moderation practices, whether through removing content or limiting its reach, raise questions of censorship. Balancing the need for platform independence with concerns about viewpoint moderation and dangerous speech challenges the regulation of social media platforms.
Employers' Influence on Employee Speech and Expression
Employers' actions in censoring employee speech, as seen in cases like David Shor's dismissal, can impact free expression. Concerns arise regarding the suppression of speech for reasons that threaten orthodoxy or material interests. Distinctions between intimate and expressive firms guide discussions on employers' rights to influence employee speech within the workplace.
Challenges of Defining Censorship and Addressing Non-State Forms
Censorship is examined through various forms, such as state-enacted and private censorship. JP Messina navigates complex definitions of censorship and distinguishes between censorship concerns in different contexts. The book delves into normative analyses of private censorship, emphasizing the need for nuanced approaches when addressing censorship outside traditional state realms.
When we think of censorship, our minds might turn to state agencies exercising power to silence dissent. However, contemporary concerns about censorship arise in contexts where non-state actors suppress expression and communication. There are subtle and not-so-subtle forms of interference that come from social groups, employers, media corporations, and even search engines. Should these “new” forms of censorship alarm us? Should we assess them in ways that mirror our typical views about state-enacted censorship? If not, how should we think about non-state modes of censorship?
In Private Censorship (Oxford University Press, 2024), JP Messina takes up these broad questions. He examines a range of emerging sites of non-state censorship – what he calls “private” censorship – and sorts through the normative, political, and legal issues.