Nature Podcast Audio long read: Autism is on the rise — what’s really behind the increase?
Sep 26, 2025
The discussion dives into the controversial claims by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. about rising autism diagnoses and the implications behind them. Experts argue that increased diagnoses, not a real epidemic, mostly drive the numbers up. Concerns are raised about funding cuts jeopardizing support services, while improved detection and awareness significantly contribute to these trends. The genetic factors dominating autism risk and the challenges of pinpointing environmental influences are explored. Overall, the focus remains on the need for more supportive research guided by the autistic community's priorities.
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Rise Mostly Driven By Diagnoses
- Reported rises in autism diagnoses largely reflect changes in detection and classification rather than a simple new cause.
- Genetics remains the dominant contributor, with environmental factors playing a smaller, complex role.
Controversial Press Conference Sparks Outrage
- Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s press conference claimed an environmental toxin caused an autism 'epidemic' and promised a study to find it.
- His comments sparked anger from autistic people and advocacy groups who found his characterisation offensive.
Diagnostic Criteria Broadened In 1990s
- Diagnostic manuals broadened in the 1990s, letting people with fewer or later symptoms receive autism labels.
- Changes in DSM and ICD criteria substantially increased the pool eligible for diagnosis.