Explore the life and influence of Ibn Taymiyyah, a significant pioneer of militant Sunni Islam. Reopen the gates of Istihad, and discuss the contradictions in Ibn Taymiyyah's life. Learn about the time of mob rule and suspicion towards religious minorities during his era. Discover the historical context and enemies faced by Ibn Taymiyyah and his fellow Sunnis.
Ibn Taymiyyah advocated for a return to the original sources of Islam and called for the exercise of independent reasoning in matters of faith to address the challenges faced by Muslims.
Ibn Taymiyyah's controversial views on jihad, specifically considering the Mongols as heretical and calling for jihad against them, influenced later radical interpretations of jihad.
Deep dives
Ibn Taimiya as a Pioneer of Salafi Islam
Ibn Taimiya is seen as a prototypical Salafi, going back to the original sources of Islam. He advocated for a return to the Quran, Hadith, and the practices of the Salaf, the original Muslims. He argued that the prevailing religious system had become static and was not responding effectively to the challenges faced by Muslims, especially in the wake of the Mongol invasions. He called for a reopening of Ijtihad, the exercise of independent reasoning in matters of faith, in order to address these challenges.
Controversial Views on Jihad
Ibn Taimiya's views on jihad were controversial. He went beyond the traditional understanding of offensive and defensive jihad. He considered the Mongols, despite being Muslims, as heretical because they did not strictly follow Sharia law. He called for jihad against them, even though they were fellow Muslims. This departures from the classical understanding of jihad caused divisions among Muslims. His fatwa influenced later militant and radical interpretations of jihad.
Confrontation with Christian and Minority Groups
During the Mongol invasion of Syria, Ibn Taimiya experienced firsthand the collaboration between Mongol and Christian allies. He believed that Christians and Shia minorities were acting against Islam and aiding the Mongol invaders. He engaged in efforts to purify Damascus and Syria from the presence of these groups. He closed taverns, prosecuted Christian allies, and participated in reprisal raids against Christians and Shia communities. His actions reflected a deep suspicion towards religious minorities and a desire to protect the purity of Islam.
Surviving the Mongol Invasion
As Damascus fell to the Mongols, Ibn Taimiya confronted the Mongol leader Razan Khan. He criticized Khan's claim to be a Muslim while invading fellow Muslims. Ibn Taimiya joined negotiations but maintained his stance that the Mongols were heretical. After the Mongols were eventually pushed out of Damascus, Ibn Taimiya engaged in further efforts to cleanse the city and reestablish its Islamic identity. This period of conflict and the threat from the Mongols significantly shaped Ibn Taimiya's worldview and his approach to defending and preserving Sunni Islam.
Ibn Taymiyyah is known as the “Sheikh of Islam” to his admirers, and to his detractors, one of the most significant antecedents of modern Salafi Jihadism. Simultaneously a genius scholar, brutal warrior and unflinching polemicist, he is one of the most important pioneers of a militant form of Sunni Islam, and is now quoted more than any other scholar by Islamist terrorists today.
Continuing our series exploring the historical forebears of modern Salafi Jihadism, this week sees us begin two episodes on Ibn Taymiyyah, the great mediaeval Islamic scholar. We’ll explore the world in which he grew up, with Mongol invasions constantly at the gates, alongside the many contradictions that defined his life and how he rose to prominence in the 13th century Middle East.
Join our FB Discussion group to get exclusive updates:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/450486135832418
Find us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/MHconflicted
And Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MHconflicted
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Join the Conflicted Community hub on Discord to discuss all things Conflicted with fellow dear listeners, get exclusive content, bonus episodes and ad-free listening. Register your interest through the link: http://www.levellr.com/conflicted