Joe Daniel, a Principal on the Carbon-Free Electricity Team at RMI, dives into the intricate world of coal's impact on the US electric grid. He explains the concept of non-economic dispatch, where coal plants operate despite being less cost-effective, disrupting energy efficiency. The discussion highlights how information asymmetry hinders renewables while Joe introduces tools like RMI's Economic Dispatch Hub aimed at facilitating a fair transition to cleaner energy. Insights on coal's declining role amidst rising renewables make for an engaging and enlightening conversation.
The non-economic dispatch of coal disrupts the merit order of electricity generation, adversely impacting the economic viability of renewable energy sources.
Addressing structural issues within utility incentives and implementing favorable policies is essential for transitioning to a more sustainable and competitive energy market.
Deep dives
Understanding Non-Economic Dispatch of Coal
The concept of non-economic dispatch of coal refers to scenarios where coal-fired power plants supply electricity despite being a less cost-effective option compared to other sources. This phenomenon disrupts the merit order, which is designed to prioritize the cheapest electricity generation resources available. Joe Daniel emphasizes that this is a significant issue that directly affects the operational efficiency of the electric grid and the economic viability of renewables, which are generally more affordable than coal. By analyzing how often coal plants are dispatched despite being uneconomic, stakeholders can better understand the impact of outdated operational practices on current market dynamics.
Historical Shift in Coal Usage
The share of coal in the U.S. electricity generation has dramatically declined from over 50% in the early 2000s to about 20% today, primarily due to the rise of natural gas and renewables. Natural gas prices and federal regulations aimed at reducing pollution have contributed to this decline. Joe Daniel also highlights how campaigns such as Beyond Coal have played a role in advocating for cleaner energy sources and facilitating this transition away from coal. The shift reflects not only changing technologies and economics but also varying public and regulatory pressures to seek more sustainable energy options.
Behavior of Coal Plants in Response to Demand
Coal plants typically operate under a model where they remain online regardless of demand fluctuations, often resulting in operational inefficiencies. Joe notes that while these plants can cycle their output based on electricity demand, many choose to remain active at a low capacity instead of shutting down during low-demand periods. This strategy leads to significant economic losses, with estimates suggesting that uneconomic coal operations could cost billions annually. The reluctance to turn off coal plants, despite the availability of cheaper alternatives like renewables, reveals deeper structural issues within utility incentives and market mechanisms.
The Future of Energy and the Role of Policy
The transition toward a cleaner energy grid will require favorable policy interventions at both state and federal levels to dismantle existing barriers and foster a more competitive market. Joe discusses the importance of engaging local public utility commissions to advocate for the reduction of uneconomic coal usage. By ensuring that regulatory bodies are informed with the most compelling data, stakeholders can help facilitate decisions that prioritize economic efficiency and sustainability. Ultimately, the goal will be to create a more equitable and cost-effective energy landscape where renewable resources naturally displace outdated coal operations.
Joe Daniel is a Principal on the Carbon-Free Electricity Team at RMI.
Our topic today is coal, specifically the "non-economic dispatch" of coal. This phenomenon occurs when coal-fired power plants deliver power to electricity grids even when their electricity is not the most cost-effective option, thereby disrupting the "merit order" of electricity dispatch. This complex topic is explored with Joe's help, as he provides insights into this intricate issue. The US electric grid is notoriously difficult to understand, and there may be moments when the conversation becomes challenging. However, Joe and Cody consistently strive to make the concepts clear and accessible.
The complexity of the system contributes to the problems Joe highlights. Information asymmetry creates economic friction, which disadvantages renewables, despite their general economic superiority. Joe's work at RMI involves developing and deploying quantitative tools, such as RMI's Economic Dispatch Hub, which he will discuss. These tools aim to accelerate affordable and equitable utility de-carbonization pathways.
In this episode, we cover:
[2:42] Joe's background and work at RMI
[4:25] Seasonality and cyclical trends in coal usage
[6:20] Operation and flexibility of coal plants
[10:05] Merit order and prioritizing resources based on cost
[12:25] Types of resources and their cost ranking
[16:01] Dispatching resources and electricity sources
[21:03] Non-economic dispatch of coal and cost impacts
[25:02] Public utility commissions' role in regulation
[29:23] Need for transparency and market price signals
[33:31] Smooth energy transition and coal's future role
[39:09] RMI's role in providing expertise and assistance
[40:30] Cost implications and solutions for non-economic dispatch
[43:49] Public engagement in utility commission hearings
[46:16] Policy and local engagement in clean energy adoption
Episode recorded on July 18, 2024 (Published on Aug 4, 2024)
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