When did rats come to the Americas, and was Lucy really our direct ancestor?
Apr 4, 2024
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Researcher Eric Guiry discusses how rats arrived in the Americas with European colonists. The podcast also delves into the legacy of Lucy, a potential human ancestor, and the challenges in determining her direct lineage amidst new discoveries in paleoanthropology research.
Shipwrecks and bone analysis reveal arrival of rats with European colonists to the Americas.
Recent discoveries challenge Lucy's status as our direct ancestor, highlighting diversity in early hominins.
Deep dives
Introduction to the Podcast Episode
The podcast episode delves into the impact of advances in artificial intelligence on medical research and healthcare. It directs listeners to a Science Magazine supplement on the topic and highlights an upcoming symposium on AI in healthcare. The importance of supporting nonprofit science journalism is also emphasized, encouraging subscriptions to news websites.
Rat Colonization of the Americas
The episode discusses the arrival and spread of rats in the Americas, particularly focusing on black and brown rats. Through bone analysis and shipwreck findings, researchers trace the timeline of rat colonization, highlighting the challenges in dating their presence and differentiating between the two species. The study reveals insights into rat behaviors and habitat preferences, shedding light on early invasive species dynamics.
Lucy's Golden Jubilee Anniversary
The podcast segment commemorates the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Lucy, a pivotal human ancestor living 2.9 to 3.3 million years ago. It explores how Lucy's skeleton provided evidence of upright walking preceding brain size increase, reshaping understanding of human evolution. The discussion includes the diversity within Lucy's species and subsequent discoveries of earlier human ancestors challenging Lucy's status as the oldest ancestor.
Evolutionary Insights and Future Directions
Reflecting on the advancements in paleoanthropology post-Lucy's discovery, the episode delves into methods such as 3D morphometrics and ancient DNA analysis enriching understanding of human evolution. Recent fossil finds and climate change analysis underscore the complex interactions shaping hominin evolution over time. The potential for future research in reconstructing ancient landscapes, evaluating species diversity, and engaging African scholars in the field is highlighted for further exploration.
Tracing the arrival of rats using bones, isotopes, and a few shipwrecks; and what scientists have learned in 50 years about our famous ancestor Lucy
First on the show: Did rats come over with Christopher Columbus? It turns out, European colonists weren’t alone on their ships when they came to the Americas—they also brought black and brown rats to uninfested shores. Eric Guiry, a researcher in the Trent Environmental Archaeology Lab at Trent University, joins host Sarah Crespi to discuss how tiny slices of bone from early colony sites and sunken shipwrecks can tell us when these pesky rodents arrived.
Next, producer Meagan Cantwell talks with Contributing Correspondent Ann Gibbons about what has happened in the 50 years since anthropologists found Lucy—a likely human ancestor that lived 2.9 million to 3.3 million years ago. Although still likely part of our family tree, her place as a direct ancestor is in question. And over the years, her past has become less lonesome as it has become populated with other contemporaneous hominins.
This week’s episode was produced with help from Podigy.