Understanding Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated condition primarily affecting peripheral nerves, often following an infection. It typically begins with sensory changes such as paresthesias, leading to symmetrical ascending weakness and reduced reflexes. The underlying mechanism involves the immune system mistakenly targeting the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves due to a confusion between antigens from infections and normal host proteins. Various infections, including gastrointestinal and respiratory pathogens, as well as vaccines and surgeries, can serve as triggers, with symptoms usually appearing two to four weeks post-trigger.