Weekly: Gene-editing to make superhumans; first bird flu death in the US; perfect pasta with physics
Jan 10, 2025
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Michael Le Page, an expert on gene editing, dives into the controversial world of CRISPR, discussing its potential to create disease-resistant humans and the ethical dilemmas it poses, including fears of eugenics. The conversation takes a serious turn with the first reported U.S. bird flu death, raising alarms about the virus's evolving threat. In a lighter segment, physicists explore the science behind perfecting the classic dish cacio e pepe, combining culinary arts with physics for a delicious twist.
Advancements in CRISPR gene editing present opportunities for enhancing human disease resistance, but ethical concerns and safety issues remain significant barriers.
The first human death from bird flu in the US underscores potential pandemic threats; however, public health measures and vaccine supply are crucial defenses.
Deep dives
The Future of Gene Editing in Humans
The discussion on gene editing addresses the potential for making permanent changes to human embryos, raising the prospect of enhancing resistance to common diseases. Advances in technology might allow for editing multiple genes simultaneously, which could accumulate protective effects against conditions such as Alzheimer's and diabetes. However, there remain significant safety concerns regarding the precision needed for such editing, particularly since any errors could lead to unintended consequences in embryonic development. Critics of recent studies argue that achieving these health benefits through gene editing is speculative at best, highlighting the complexities of genetics and the ethical implications of editing human genomes.
Concerns About H5N1 Bird Flu
Recent reports of a human death from H5N1 bird flu in the US have raised alarm over the virus's potential for a pandemic. Experts emphasize the adaptability of the virus, which has shown the ability to infect various mammal species and may acquire mutations that make it more infectious to humans. Despite the severity of H5N1, the actual risk to the general public remains low, as past cases have shown a high mortality rate primarily among those with severe health conditions. Public health preparedness is bolstered by available vaccines, although issues such as vaccine hesitancy remain critical challenges for future outbreaks.
Scientific Cooking: The Perfect Cacio e Pepe
A group of Italian physicists conducted a study to perfect the classic dish cacio e pepe, investigating the chemical interactions between cheese, pepper, and starchy pasta water. They found that achieving a smooth sauce requires careful control over the starch content, with a specific ratio being crucial to avoid lumps. Their results controversially suggest adding cornstarch for optimal consistency, a recommendation that has elicited strong reactions from culinary purists. This blend of science and cooking underscores the broader implications of culinary techniques, demonstrating how principles of physics can influence traditional cooking methods.
Creating disease-resistant humans may before too long be a reality thanks to advancements in CRISPR gene editing. It’s now possible to make dozens - if not hundreds - of edits to different genes at once. As the field progresses rapidly, a controversial paper published in Nature explores just how powerful this technology could be in protecting against diseases like Alzheimer’s and diabetes. But how safe is gene-editing? The paper has been criticised amid safety and ethical concerns, as well as the danger this could give rise to eugenics and designer babies.
A person in Louisiana has died from bird flu, the first known death related to the H5N1 virus in the United States. Alarms are now being raised that bird flu could mutate and lead to another covid-like pandemic. The virus has evolved to infect many species of mammals, most recently dairy cows. But given we’ve been aware of this disease for decades and have stockpiled vaccines, what are the real concerns here? Hear from experts Meghan Davis and Andy Pekosz from Johns Hopkins University.
Italian physicists have been working on an extremely important question related to…pasta. While working in Germany, Ivan Di Terlizzi and Giacomo Bartolucci became frustrated that they couldn’t perfectly recreate one of their favourite pasta meals - cacio e pepe. Thankfully, using their knowledge of phase behaviour, they figured out what was going on…in incredible detail. And bizarrely they suggest the finding may have implications for our understanding of the origins of life.
Hosts Rowan Hooper and Penny Sarchet discuss with guests Michael Le Page and Grace Wade.