#179 – Randy Nesse on why evolution left us so vulnerable to depression and anxiety

125 snips

Feb 12, 2024

Randy Nesse, a pioneer in evolutionary psychiatry and professor at the University of Michigan, dives into the perplexing vulnerability of our brains to depression and anxiety. He explains how evolution effectively optimized physical health but seemingly overlooked mental well-being, leading to high rates of youth anxiety. Randy discusses how emotions like anxiety and sadness may have adaptive roles, and he critiques the narrow lens of traditional psychiatry. He emphasizes the need for an integrative approach to understanding mental health through an evolutionary perspective.

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INSIGHT

Psychiatry's Messy Transition

Psychiatry transitioned from psychoanalysis to biological.
Nesse wanted a broader approach, using evolutionary biology.

INSIGHT

Peculiar Clustering of Mental Health Problems

Psychiatry defines mental health problems as symptom clusters, unlike physical illnesses.
We lack a deep understanding of the mechanisms causing these symptoms.

ANECDOTE

Psychiatrists' Views on Low Mood

Nesse asked psychiatrists about the purpose of low mood, receiving varied responses.
Some considered it essential for humanity or relationships, others a brain disorder.

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Mental health problems like depression and anxiety affect enormous numbers of people and severely interfere with their lives. By contrast, we don’t see similar levels of physical ill health in young people. At any point in time, something like 20% of young people are working through anxiety or depression that’s seriously interfering with their lives — but nowhere near 20% of people in their 20s have severe heart disease or cancer or a similar failure in a key organ of the body other than the brain.

From an evolutionary perspective, that’s to be expected, right? If your heart or lungs or legs or skin stop working properly while you’re a teenager, you’re less likely to reproduce, and the genes that cause that malfunction get weeded out of the gene pool.

So why is it that these evolutionary selective pressures seemingly fixed our bodies so that they work pretty smoothly for young people most of the time, but it feels like evolution fell asleep on the job when it comes to the brain? Why did evolution never get around to patching the most basic problems, like social anxiety, panic attacks, debilitating pessimism, or inappropriate mood swings? For that matter, why did evolution go out of its way to give us the capacity for low mood or chronic anxiety or extreme mood swings at all?

Today’s guest, Randy Nesse — a leader in the field of evolutionary psychiatry — wrote the book Good Reasons for Bad Feelings, in which he sets out to try to resolve this paradox.

Links to learn more, video, highlights, and full transcript.

In the interview, host Rob Wiblin and Randy discuss the key points of the book, as well as:

How the evolutionary psychiatry perspective can help people appreciate that their mental health problems are often the result of a useful and important system.
How evolutionary pressures and dynamics lead to a wide range of different personalities, behaviours, strategies, and tradeoffs.
The missing intellectual foundations of psychiatry, and how an evolutionary lens could revolutionise the field.
How working as both an academic and a practicing psychiatrist shaped Randy’s understanding of treating mental health problems.
The “smoke detector principle” of why we experience so many false alarms along with true threats.
The origins of morality and capacity for genuine love, and why Randy thinks it’s a mistake to try to explain these from a selfish gene perspective.
Evolutionary theories on why we age and die.
And much more.

Producer and editor: Keiran Harris
Audio Engineering Lead: Ben Cordell
Technical editing: Dominic Armstrong
Transcriptions: Katy Moore