Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal

Proving Gravity Is Not Quantum | Ivette Fuentes

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Aug 23, 2024

Ivette Fuentes, a leading theoretical physicist and collaborator with Sir Roger Penrose, dives into the captivating world where quantum mechanics intersects with gravity. She discusses groundbreaking experiments using ultra-cold atoms and challenges traditional theories in the quest for understanding spacetime. Topics like quantum teleportation, the peculiar nature of gravity, and their implications for technologies such as GPS are explored. Ivette emphasizes the importance of experimentation in refining theories, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the universe.

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ADVICE

The Experiment Cycle

Start with an idea, even if wrong, to guide your apparatus building.
Improve your theory by observing experimental results and modifying your apparatus.

ANECDOTE

Long-Range Entanglement Experiments

Anton Zeilinger tested entanglement limits, starting with tabletop experiments.
He demonstrated entanglement across buildings in Vienna and then 144 kilometers in the Canary Islands using photons.

INSIGHT

Time Dilation at Small Scales

Dave Wineland demonstrated time dilation at small scales (33 centimeters).
This shows that spacetime curvature is measurable even at small distances.

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Ivette Fuentes is a leading theoretical physicist specializing in quantum information and quantum gravity, holding a PhD from Imperial College London. Ivette is currently collaborating with Sir Roger Penrose on groundbreaking research exploring the intersection of quantum mechanics and general relativity, particularly focusing on the role of quantum effects in the nature of spacetime.

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Episode Links:

- Curt on Julian Dorey’s podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1mKNGo9JLQ

- Ivette’s first paper on Seyfert galaxies: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/311925/pdf

- Ivette’s paper (Alice falls into a black hole): https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0410172

- Part 1 of Ivette’s papers on confined quantum scalar fields: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.10507

- Multiverse Ivette Fuentes: Roger Penrose on LIGO controversy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoR_WbACfPo

- Women in Maths - Ivette Fuentes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5ASV7NWn38

Presentation Links:

- Spacetime effects on satellite-based quantum communications: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.3088

- Testing the effects of gravity and motion on quantum entanglement in space-based experiments: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.1933

- Resolving the gravitational redshift within a millimeter atomic sample: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.12238

- Motion and gravity effects in the precision of quantum clocks: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.4235

- Gravitational time dilation in extended quantum systems: the case of light clocks in Schwarzschild spacetime: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.07869

- Exploring the unification of quantum theory and general relativity with a Bose-Einstein condensate: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.04630

- A trapped atom interferometer with ultracold Sr atoms: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.06092

Quantum Frequency Interferometry: with applications ranging from gravitational wave detection to dark matter searches: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.02618

Timestamps:

00:00 - Intro

01:20 - Unification in Physics

04:15 - Ivette’s Background

21:00 - Fundamental Questions Unanswered

23:54 - Quantum Theory and Relativity

30:17 - Superpositions

33:49 - Using Technology to Develop New Theories

39:08 - Exploring Large and Small Scales

48:32 - Long Range Experiments / Quantum Teleportation

57:36 - Quantum Clocks

01:06:46 - Relativistic Quantum Clock Model

01:13:57 - Does Gravity Collapse the Superposition?

01:17:18 - Where the Field is Now

01:22:04 - Bose-Einstein Condenstate

01:26:11 - New Device: Atom Interferometer

01:37:38 - Testing Ivette’s Predictions

01:38:53 - Outro / Support TOE

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