Suffering Witches to Live: Jewish Women and the Legacies of Religious Law
Dec 6, 2022
auto_awesome
In a captivating discussion, Dr. Elizabeth Shanks Alexander, a Professor at the University of Virginia specializing in rabbinic literature, dives into the intricate relationship between Jewish women and religious law. She explores whether women can keep track of their own menstrual cycles within outlined laws, revealing how ancient rabbis viewed witchcraft and its implications for women's roles. The conversation also highlights the challenges women faced in navigating a male-dominated system, shedding light on the legacy of those deemed witches and their overlooked stories.
The podcast emphasizes the historical exclusion of women from religious and legal frameworks in Jewish communities, perpetuating systemic gender disparities.
Discussion of witchcraft highlights how ancient stereotypes marginalized women's autonomy, revealing societal fears projected onto female power in religious texts.
Deep dives
Historical Context of Women's Rights in Law
Abigail Adams famously urged her husband to consider women's legal rights in the formation of new American laws in 1776, highlighting the deep-rooted gender disparities that persisted for centuries. Despite her passionate plea, women were largely sidelined in the political sphere, an issue mirrored in ancient Jewish communities where men dominated religious and legal frameworks. The podcast discusses how imperial laws in these communities were supplemented by rabbinical laws that often ignored women's needs and experiences. These historical precedents underscore the systemic vulnerabilities faced by women due to patriarchal legislative bodies.
Rabbinic Law and the Gender Divide
Rabbinic laws from the Tanaitic period illustrate a clear delineation between the obligations of men and women, particularly regarding time-bound commandments. While men were expected to adhere to all commandments of the Torah, women were often exempted from those that required specific timing, such as prayer rituals and the wearing of tefillin. Scholars suggest that these inequalities stemmed from societal perceptions regarding women's domestic responsibilities, which were thought to hinder their capacity to observe such commandments. This legal distinction sometimes became a justification for reinforcing traditional gender roles within the rabbinic community.
The Complexity of Witchcraft and Gender Stereotypes
A stark exploration of witchcraft highlights how ancient societies often associated women with witchery and magic, reflecting deep-seated stereotypes. The Hebrew Bible and subsequent rabbinic commentary linked witchcraft predominantly with women, showcasing how societal anxieties about female power and autonomy were projected onto dangerous caricatures. The rabbinic texts often reinforced such beliefs, which positioned women as more susceptible to magical practices and thus guilty of witchcraft. This stigmatization served to maintain control over women's roles in society while simultaneously shaping their identities through a lens of suspicion and fear.
The Impact of Rabbinic Literature on Women's Lives
Despite the challenges posed by rabbinic literature, there are notable examples that demonstrate women’s agency in ancient Jewish society. The discussion of figures like Beruria, who boldly issued her own rabbinic rulings, suggests that women did have moments of influence, although these instances were often downplayed or erased by later male authors. Similarly, documents related to women like Babatha, who navigated legal and economic challenges, provide insights into the realities faced by women. These narratives suggest that, while rabbinic texts primarily reflect the views of men, they also reveal glimpses of women's experiences and their complex interactions within a predominantly patriarchal framework.
In Episode 8 our hosts talk with Dr. Elizabeth Shanks Alexander about whether women can keep track of their own periods, religious law as a boys’ club, and why ancient rabbis cared about witchery.
Sponsored by the Center for Culture, Society, and Religion, the Program in Judaic Studies, and the Stanley J. Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton University
Views expressed on the podcast are solely those of the individuals, and do not represent Princeton University.
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode