ScarJo v. AI, the Digital Guillotine, and Why We Play Make Believe with Misinformation
May 26, 2024
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Professor Neil Van Leeuwen discusses the difference between thinking and believing, groupish thought, and the similarities between religious creeds and political ideologies. They also delve into Scarlett Johansson's AI controversy, the impact of misinformation in the digital era, and the emotional responses triggered when symbolic beliefs are challenged.
Our minds distinguish between factual understanding and symbolic beliefs, forming the basis of religious and ideological beliefs.
Symbolic beliefs impact behaviors and identity signaling, shown in examples like conspiracy theories and anti-vaccine sentiments.
Group beliefs are resistant to change, serving as signals of in-group commitment driven by social belonging and loyalty.
Deep dives
The Two-Map Cognitive Structure in Belief Formation
Our minds operate in two layers, distinguishing between factual understanding and symbolic beliefs. Children play and form groups around imaginative ideas, leading to the formation of larger beliefs like religions or ideologies. This two-map cognitive structure helps us balance factual beliefs with symbolic actions.
Behavioral Effects of Symbolic Beliefs
While symbolic beliefs may not directly influence our factual behaviors, they play a significant role in identity signaling and group cohesion. Examples like conspiracy theories or anti-vaccine sentiments show the emotional connection and signaling effect of these beliefs, impacting behavior such as vaccine uptake rates.
Hypocrisy and Symbolic Beliefs
Symbolic beliefs, such as those seen in religious or ideological contexts, often lead to hypocrisy due to the discrepancy between the second symbolic belief layer and everyday factual beliefs. Hypocrisy is common as individuals signal their group identity while not letting these beliefs fully guide their actions across the board.
The Nature of Groupish Beliefs
People tend to hold tenaciously to group beliefs due to a desire for social belonging and loyalty. These beliefs are resistant to change even in the face of contrary evidence, serving as signals of in-group commitment. This lack of evidential vulnerability is seen as a feature, not a bug, protecting the group cohesion and identity. The attachment to these groupish beliefs is driven by the need to signal loyalty and identity rather than a rational evaluation of evidence.
Expressing Symbolic Beliefs and Emotional Responses
Symbolic beliefs, particularly those tied to group identity, serve as powerful social signals rather than purely factual assertions. Challenging these beliefs often elicits strong emotional responses that stem from a sense of threat to one's identity and group loyalty. The expression of symbolic beliefs, even when factually inaccurate, is prioritized for fostering social bonds and solidarity within a group, often leading individuals to prioritize group identity over factual accuracy.
Do we treat political affiliation like a religion? Which parts of our identity are based off factual belief vs. imaginary belief? This week, Max talks to Professor Neil Van Leeuwen about the difference between thinking and believing, the power of groupish thought, and the similarities between religious creeds and political ideologies. But first! Jon and Max break down the drama between Scarlet Johansson and OpenAI, pick apart the TikTok blockout, and suspend their disbelief that a close friend of the pod is…on Survivor?! Will he love it or leave it?
For a closed-captioned version of this episode, click here. For a transcript of this episode, please email transcripts@crooked.com and include the name of the podcast.
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