Henry S. Richardson, "Articulating the Moral Community: Toward a Constructive Ethical Pragmatism" (Oxford UP, 2018)
Feb 1, 2019
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Henry Richardson, a Georgetown University philosophy professor, discusses his book on constructing ethical pragmatism. He examines how new moral concepts evolve, particularly in response to technology like the Internet. Richardson emphasizes the integration of established norms with emerging ethical standards in bioethics. He also reflects on his journey from politics to philosophy, drawing on influences like Aristotle. The conversation underscores the need for a dynamic and inclusive moral community that adapts to changing societal contexts.
Moral innovation requires the introduction of new ethical concepts, as seen with terms like trolling and doxing reflecting contemporary dilemmas.
The establishment of authoritative new moral norms involves a three-stage process that includes negotiation, social acceptance, and ratification within the moral community.
Deep dives
The Challenges of Moral Innovation
Moral innovation involves the introduction of new moral norms to address emerging ethical dilemmas. Human agents encounter novel situations, such as those created by advancements like the internet or medical research ethics, which require fresh moral concepts. The podcast highlights that moral terms like trolling and doxing have surfaced in response to unique forms of unethical behavior previously unrecognized. A significant question arises around how these new norms gain authority and binding nature within the moral community.
The Role of Community in Morality
The moral community plays a crucial role in establishing new norms, and it is essential for it to represent all moral agents. The discussion highlights the symbiotic relationship between objective morality and the ability of individuals to shape normative guidelines through interaction. The concept of directed duties, which reflects obligations one person has toward another, serves as a framework for how these roles and responsibilities develop. This underscores the importance of collective moral reasoning in creating a universally applicable ethical landscape.
Three Stages of Norm Development
The emergence of new moral norms follows a three-stage process: initial input from dyadic interactions, social convergence, and final ratification. In the first stage, individuals negotiate and specify obligations within their unique context, allowing an initial norm to take shape. The second stage focuses on the social acceptance and agreement around this candidate norm, potentially leading to broader societal recognition. Finally, the ratification stage reflects the moral community’s acknowledgment of the new norm, emphasizing the process’s inclusivity and communal nature.
Objective Morality Amidst Contingency
The podcast also addresses how moral realism can coexist with the contingent nature of the norm-creation process. While different paths and human actions shape how new norms are developed, they do not undermine the objective truth of moral principles. The discussion emphasizes that moral authority and its judgments are not merely subjective; rather, they exist within a framework that enables reasonable discourse despite initial disagreements. This perspective moves away from absolute standards to a model that considers moral norms as legitimate yet shaped by collective human experience.
Even those among us who think that morality is rooted in timeless normative truths will acknowledge that the overall moral fabric that binds us to one another is subject to various kinds of renovation and expansion. To take a simplistic example, the advent of the Internet has occasioned a host of new moral concepts attuned to the new ways in which people are able to treat each other -- think of “friending,” “blocking,” trolling, “sub-tweeting,” doxing, and such. These are new concepts introduced into the moral vernacular for the sake of identifying novel kinds of moral behavior. That our moral vernacular expands in these ways is obvious enough. But there’s a distinct question concerning how more innovations become authoritative – that is, how new moral concepts come to bind us in that distinctive way that morality is binding.