Ep. 235 - Cornelius Van Til's Transcendental Theory of Knowledge w/Dr. Scott Oliphint
Jun 17, 2023
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Join Dr. K. Scott Oliphint, an expert in apologetics and theology, as he delves into Cornelius Van Til's transformative theories. The conversation explores the divide between continental and analytic philosophy, and the significance of presuppositions in understanding God's creation. Oliphint highlights Van Til's unique transcendental arguments and their biblical resonance, while also reflecting on his personal journey through reform theology. Discover the vital interplay of faith and reason in effective apologetics, all through the lens of Van Til's profound insights.
The divide between continental and analytic philosophies shapes the reception of Van Til's work within apologetic communities.
Van Til's Christian theory of knowledge emphasizes the necessity of presupposing God to fortify faith against secular critiques.
The concept of the concrete universal in Van Til's framework invites a relational understanding of God that enhances both evangelism and apologetics.
Deep dives
The Influence of Philosophical Traditions on Apologetics
Discussions in apologetics reveal a clear divide between continental and analytic philosophies, affecting how figures like Van Til are perceived. In theology, scholars are more willing to engage with continental sources, whereas in philosophy, there is a resistance to these influences. This distinction may explain why some find Van Til's work difficult, as his preference for continental philosophy can alienate those steeped in analytic traditions. Understanding this division is crucial for contextualizing the critiques against Van Til within apologetic communities.
Van Til's Approach to Knowledge and Apologetics
Van Til's writings reflect a desire to create a distinctly Reformed apologetic approach that counteracts the autonomy creeping into theological discourse. His extensive correspondence and engagement with the philosophy of his time shaped his development of a Christian theory of knowledge that emphasized the necessity of presupposing God. The tension between philosophical methodology and theological truths often leads to misunderstandings about his ideas, prompting him to assert that knowledge is rooted in the self-attesting Christ of Scripture. This framework seeks to fortify Christian beliefs against secular critiques while urging a return to foundational theological principles.
The Hermeneutics of Knowledge in Context
The exploration of knowledge through Van Til's thought invites an understanding of its intricacies, notably through the lens of subjective and objective presuppositions. While individuals can possess knowledge of God, their interpretations may be muddled by sin and the consequences of humanity's fallen nature. The analysis of knowledge must transcend mere propositional statements and engage with the existential reality of human beings as image bearers of God. This nuanced view allows for a more profound engagement with apologetics, aligning one’s epistemological approach with a firm theological grounding.
Engaging with the Problem of Evil
In addressing the problem of evil, Van Til encourages a holistic approach that encompasses both philosophical inquiry and theological reflection. The goal is not only to present rational explanations but to draw from the richness of biblical narratives and the centrality of the cross. By framing the discussion of evil within the context of redemption, one can illustrate how God's sovereignty operates even through human suffering and moral challenges. This approach not only defends the faith but also reinforces the importance of Christ's sacrifice as the ultimate resolution to the problem of evil.
The Implications of the Concrete Universal
The concept of the concrete universal is pivotal in Van Til’s apologetic framework, positing that God is both immanent and transcendent within creation. This idea invites engagement with philosophical discourse while rooting discussions of knowledge in God's nature. The concrete universal serves as a persuasive mechanism that aligns both evangelism and apologetics, revealing the relational aspect of understanding God and His creation. By utilizing this notion, one can navigate discussions about the nature of reality through the lens of divine revelation and relational knowledge.
The Role of Persuasion in Apologetics
Van Til's approach to apologetics underscores the necessity of persuasion as an essential element in evangelistic endeavors. The goal is not merely to argue or contend but to commend the truth of the gospel in a way that resonates with both believers and non-believers alike. By establishing common ground through the acknowledgment of truth woven into creation, one creates a bridge for deeper conversations about Christ. This persuasive effort must be rooted in a clear understanding of the distinctions between knowledge, belief, and the role of the Holy Spirit in facilitating both.
In episode 235 of the Parker's Pensées Podcast, I'm joined by Dr. K. Scott Oliphint to discuss his new edition of Cornelius Van Til's book "A Christian Theory of Knowledge." Dr. Oliphint has added many helpful notes for understanding the apologetic, epistemology, and theology of Van Til. In this episode I try to commend Van Til to an analytic audience by asking Dr. Oliphint some questions I've always had and some I think my audience has.
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9:30 - Van Til's Legacy
18:04 - Continental vs. Analytic Apologetics?
23:05 - Which of Van Til's books are best to read?
27:13 - Van Til's early use of Transcendental Arguments
33:10 - Rationalist/Irrationalist Dialectic Applied to Platonism
46:16 - Subjective vs. Objective Presuppositions
54:22 - Van Til, Postmoderism, and Common Sense Realism
1:02:50 - Knowledge of God, Implanted Knowledge
1:07:53 - principium essendi & principium cognoscendi (exturnum and internum)
1:13:58 - Why do apologetics as a calvinist?
1:23:40 - What kind of knowledge-of-God do we have?
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