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Observation Alters Behavior
- Knowledge of being observed changes behavior through objective self-awareness, contaminating natural responses.
- Researchers hide observers or use deception to capture authentic social behavior because observation itself alters outcomes.
Researchers Hid Under Beds To Eavesdrop
- Mary Henley and Marian B. Hubble secretly monitored college students' conversations in the 1930s, even hiding under beds and tapping phones.
- They recorded word-for-word dialogue across dorms, lobbies, and public places to measure egocentric speech.
Nuremberg Code Demanded Full Consent
- The Nuremberg Code established voluntary informed consent and forbids force, fraud, deceit, duress, or coercion in human experiments.
- It requires subjects know purpose, duration, methods, hazards, and health effects before agreeing.